钙

Calcium sulfate has been used for bone regenation in oral medicine. Osteopontin, a marker molecule, expressed by osteoblast, plays multiple roles in human body. However, the effect of calcium sulfate on osteopontin expressed in osteoblasts is unclear. In this study, U-2 osteosarcoma osteoblastic cells were cultured in 0, 0.5, 1, or 10 μM calcium sulfate hemihydrate. There was no effect in the proliferation of cells, suggesting that calcium sulfate up to 10 μM is biocompatible. The cells and conditioned media were collected for analyzing mRNA and protein levels of osteopontin by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively.

硫酸钙用於口腔医学中的骨头再生已经有多年历史，骨桥素是一种被骨母细胞分泌且在人体扮演重要多重角色的标的分子，然而，硫酸钙在骨母细胞分泌硫酸钙上的影响仍未明朗，在本实验之中，培养U-2骨肉瘤类骨母细胞(U-2 osteosarcoma osteoblastic cells)於0、0.5、1、10 μM的硫酸钙之中，在细胞数目的复制上，四种硫酸钙浓度并无影响，显示出U-2骨肉瘤类骨母细胞培养於10 μM的硫酸钙仍是生物相容性的。

The content of NaCl soluble calcium was highest in treated fruits, followed by water-soluble calcium, calcium acerate and HCl-soluble calcium.

结果表明：浸钙处理的果实总钙含量显著提高，其硬度明显高于对照，且有利于细胞膜透性的保持；梨果实中的NaCl溶性钙最多，其次是水溶性钙，醋酸溶性钙和HCl溶性钙含量较少。

That means Pho85 kinaseand calcineurin were involved in salt tolerance with an identical target protein or in 中科院上海生化与细胞所博士学位论文摘要 the same pathway. Inhibition of calcineurin decrease the YPH499, pho80? mutant,and pap1 (pcl7)? mutant Mn2+ tolerance but not that of pho85? mutant and thepho85? mutant was more sensitive to Mn2+ than YPH499, pho80? mutant, and pap1(pcl7)? mutant even with the addition of cyclosporin A. Therefore, the conclusioncould be drawn that PHO85 gene played a dominant role in Mn2+ homeostasisregulation in compare with calcineurin. As for Ca2+ tolerance, cyclosporin A canincrease the tolerance to Ca2+ of all the mutant mention above, that means Pho85kinase and calcineurin function antagonistically in regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis.In Bioinformatics, BRI3 gene is a novel gene without any function clue but givehigh conservation in mammalian.

我们通过钙调磷酸酶的特异抑制剂环孢菌素A研究了YPH499、+2+pho85缺失株、pho80缺失株、pap1缺失株在钙调磷酸酶失活后对Na、Mn、2+Ca金属离子敏感性的变化，结果显示Pho85蛋白激酶和钙调磷酸酶通过直接+或间接激活同一个靶蛋白或途径来增强细胞对Na的耐受；和钙调磷酸酶相比，2+PHO85的缺失对酵母细胞Mn耐受性的破坏是相对控制性的，钙调磷酸酶的失2+活不能进一步降低pho85缺失株对Mn的耐受能力；Pho85和钙调磷酸酶在对2+Ca的耐受调节中是相互拮抗的，钙调磷酸酶的失活能增加pho85缺失株和2+pho80缺失株的Ca耐受。i中科院上海生化与细胞所博士学位论文摘要对本实验室克隆的人新基因BRI3进行系统的生物信息学分析，发现它是一个在哺乳动物中保守的，但功能未知的基因。

Grew on the normal temperature, it was shown that the deposits of calcium antimonate being the indicator for Ca(superscript 2+) localization mainly concentrated within the vacuoles and intercellular spaces and there was also some Ca(superscript 2+) deposits in cell walls. But when Garyota urens L. was treated by the temperature of 2℃ for 48 h, the level of Ca(superscript 2+) increased in cytoplasm and plasma membrane, but decreased in vacuoles and intercellular spaces considerably. At the same time, the ultrastructure of chloroplasts suffered from chilling: the membrane of chloroplasts had been damaged, the layer of thylakoids was exiguous and unclear, the photosynthetic rate decreased evidently. And when Garyota urens L. was treated by the temperature of 2℃ for 120 h, the deposits of Ca(superscript 2+) mainly concentrated within the cytoplasm, nucleus and plasma membrane and there was also some Ca(superscript 2+) deposits in vacuoles, and the ultrastructure of some cells was simultaneously damaged severely: Chloroplasts structure, vacuole membrane and nuclear membrane had been damaged fully, the structure within the cell had become unclear, and the cell only have respiration.

研究结果表明，未经低温处理的董棕幼苗叶肉细胞，焦锑酸钙沉淀颗粒大量出现在液泡和细胞间隙中，细胞壁中也可见少量沉淀，而细胞基质中则看不到焦锑酸钙沉淀；经2℃ 48 h低温处理后，细胞基质和细胞膜上焦锑酸钙沉淀增加，而液泡和细胞间隙中的焦锑酸钙沉淀则显著减少，并且超微结构已初步显示出寒害的特徵，叶绿体外膜部分破损，类囊体片层稀疏且排列不规则，光合速率明显下降等；经2℃ 120 h低温处理后，细胞间隙内的焦锑酸钙沉淀极少，有的也紧贴在细胞外壁上，而细胞基质和细胞膜上则分布有非常多的焦锑酸钙沉淀，在核基质和液泡中也可见到少量的焦锑酸钙沉淀，并且超微结构遭到了显著破坏，叶绿体结构完全被破坏，核膜与液泡膜严重破损，内部结构模糊，细胞只表现为呼吸作用，不进行光合作用。

While cytoplastic Ca2+ concentration is usually kept below 0.1-0.2 M, it will rise to function in intracellular signaling after excitation, with Ca2+ passing through Ca2+-permeable ion channels in plasma membrane and Ca2+-release channels in endoplasmic reticulum/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR. In pancreatic ??

静息状态下胞浆中钙离子水平很低，而细胞受到某些刺激后，钙离子可通过胞膜上的钙通透性通道或胞内钙离子库的钙释放通道提高胞浆中钙离子浓度，进而引起各种生理活动。

At present, several common sources of calcium, the calcium carbonate to the highest calcium content of the elements as much as 40 percent, much higher than calcium citrate, calcium lactate, calcium gluconate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium hydride.

目前常见的几种钙源中，以碳酸钙的元素钙含量最高，高达40%，大大高于柠檬酸钙、乳酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙、磷酸氢钙、氢化钙等。

During the titration of Ca〓CaM by La〓, the hydrid complex La〓Ca〓CaM forms as the intermediate species. La〓 can bind to calmodulin with high affinity (K〓=10nmol/L) and obvious cooperation between the two global domains. The secondary structure of La〓CaM and Ca〓CaM are highly similar, but there are obvious differences in ternary structures. Excessive La〓 changes the conformation of calmodulin greatly.

实验结果表明，La〓在钙调蛋白上的结合位点与钙离子相同；在结合顺序上La〓以较小的优势先结合在钙调蛋白的N末端；La〓Ca〓CaM是La〓与含钙的钙调蛋白作用时的主要产物；La〓强烈地与钙调蛋白结合，其解离常数约10nmol/L，各个结合位点之间存在明显的协同效应；La〓CaM与Ca〓CaM在二级结构上高度相似，但是在高级结构上有明显差异。

Cell membrane nonpermeable inhibitor of calmodulin -W〓-agarose- and the anti-serum of calmodulin can decrease the cytosolic calcium level, the results show that the endogeneous extracellular calmodulin may play an important role in maintaining and accelerating the cytosolic calcium level in pollen grain cell.

不能透过细胞膜的钙调素抗血清和大分子钙调素拮抗剂W〓-agarose处理后细胞内钙离子水平降低，免疫前血清对花粉细胞内钙离子浓度没有明显影响；进一步支持了上述结果，并且表明内源细胞外钙调素在维持和提高细胞内钙离子浓度方面发挥作用。

Currently has a class of calcium agents, such as amino acid calcium, Stachyose calcium, vitamin C calcium are among the elements of calcium, they can be absorbed by the body take the initiative and do not need the help of vitamin D, but it does not take elements of calcium Children do not need vitamin D, because the absorption of dietary calcium of vitamin D is still needed help.

目前有一类钙制剂，如氨基酸钙、苏糖酸钙、维生素C钙等都属于分子钙，它们可以被人体主动吸收，并不需要维生素D的帮助，但并不是说服用分子钙的孩子就不需要维生素D，因为食物中钙的吸收仍然需要维生素D的帮助。

Percent calcium carbonate, calcium citrate calcium 21%, 13% calcium lactate, calcium gluconate Calcium 9

碳酸钙含钙40%，柠檬酸钙含钙21%，乳酸钙含钙13%，葡萄糖酸钙含钙9

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。