钌

Because the ruthenium may be subject to photodegradation, the total exposure to the excitation energy should be minimized.

因为光降解影响钌，对激发能总的外露面积应当最小化。

By the studies of nanosecond flash photolysis and estimates of excited state energy level, we deduce that there is a charge-transfer excited state corresponding to the transfer of an electron from the zinc porphyrin to the Ru-based moiety of 5-Zn in acetonitrile when exciting at λ= 532 nm.

纳秒闪光光解的研究和激发态的能级估算表明在乙腈溶液中，用波长532nm的激光激发5-Zn，可以形成一个电荷分离态，它对应于锌卟啉到联吡啶钌的电子转移过程，这个电荷分离态表示为：PZn~+-Ru~+。

Lanthanides belong to the sixth cycle of the periodic table Ⅲ B family, are all solid metal, they are La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium were 15 kinds of metals and their periphery are two layers of electronic 5d16s2, while the peripheral third layer f orbital but never zero to 14, so the external electronic structure of 4f0-145d16s2, and therefore these elements in oxidation number are to 3, very close chemical properties, extraction, when it is difficult to separate them they are mostly multi-element mineral mix, more difficult to increase refining, and their atomic number of 57-71, one by one to increase the number of protons the nucleus, and thus extranuclear electron of gravity is also growing, so that atomic radius decreases with increasing atomic number Z, which makes lanthanides contraction, ionic radius is also reduced, which also makes Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta, Mo and W, the atom and ionic radius very close to each other they also determine a similar nature, resulting in difficult separation, also the tribe Ⅷ of the fifth cycle, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, and the sixth cycle, osmium, iridium, platinum is very similar in nature, thus The six elements, said platinum group elements.

镧系元素属于周期表第六周期中ⅢB族，全部是固体金属，它们是镧、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱和镥共十五种金属元素，它们的外围两层的电子均是5d16s2，而外围第三层的f轨道电子却从零增加到14个，所以外围电子结构为4f0－145d16s2，而使这些元素氧化数均为＋3，化学性质极为接近，提炼时很难分开，它们的矿石又大多是多种元素混在一起的，更增加提纯难度，它们的原子序数为57－71，核内质子数逐个增加，因而对核外电子引力也不断增强，使原子半径随原子序数Z增加而减小，这就使镧系元素收缩、离子半径也缩小，这也使得Zr和Hf，Nb和Ta、Mo和W等原子和离子半径都很接近、也决定了它们彼此性质类似，以致难以分离、也使第Ⅷ族中第五周期的钌、铑、钯和第六周期的锇、铱、铂在性质上极为相似，因而称这六个元素为铂系元素。

For even greater stability, the hexagonal structure of ruthenium is used.

为了实现更大的稳定性，则采用六方形结构的钌。

Then the PMAA molecules were modified on the array membranes, molecular transport under different pH value was investigated by fluorescence measurements using tris(22-bipyridyl) dichlororuthenium hexahydrate and quantum dots as probes.

接着将PMAA分子修饰到氨基化金纳米通道阵列膜上，以联钌吡啶和水溶性量子点为探针考察了不同pH值下膜的渗透性。

Further treatment of the Ru nanoparticles with chiral modifier (1S, 2S)-1, 2-diphenyl-1, 2-ethylene-diamirse (1S, 2S-DPEN and KOH in ionic liquid/i-PrOH mixed solvent resulted in a novel immobilized chiral catalyst which can asymmetrically hydrogenate acetophenone and its derivatives.

将此钌纳米粒子与(1S， 2S)-1，2-二苯基乙二胺（简称(1S， 2S)-DPEN）、KOH在离子液体／异丙醇介质中原位生成一种不对称加氢催化剂，用于催化苯乙酮及其衍生物的不对称加氢反应。

Thermal reaction of Ru312 with unsymmetrical Fv ligand 2-(tert-butylcyclopentadienyl)-indene provided [5:5-(tBuC5H3)(C9H6)]Ru24 (2) in good yield.

羰基钌与不对称的二氢富瓦烯配体2--茚在加热条件下反应高产率地生成化合物 [5：5-(tBuC5H3)(C9H6)]Ru24 (2)。

Therefore, it isthe emphasis to enhance the thermal stability and improve their tolerance of rutheniumcarbene complexes in olefin metathesis at present.

因此，提高钌卡宾配合物的稳定性，改善其对较强配位能力官能团容忍性是目前烯烃交互置换反应研究的重点。

Several kinds of ruthenium-catalyzed organic reactions were reviewed: hydrogenation ,oxidation,isomerization,metathesis.

综述了钌催化剂催化的主要几类有机合成反应，包括氢化、氧化、异构化、复分解。

This is the first anionic and structurally characterized metal complex having a {RuB12H12} moiety.

这是第一个阴离子型的含有闭式B12H122-的钌化合物。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。