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The firm is a leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers, small business and commercial banking, financial transaction processing, asset management, and private equity.

摩根大通集团（纽约证券交易所：JPM）是一家全球领先的金融服务公司，管理资产达2.1万亿美元，业务遍及全球60多个国家，在投资银行、消费者金融服务、小型企业及商业银行服务、金融交易处理、资产及财富管理以及私募股权投资等领域享有领先地位。

The objective is to find the causality of financial development and economic growth and the characteristics of financial system of Wuhan city.

金融发展和经济增长关系的有关理论部分包括金融发展和经济增长关系研究的基本框架、发展中国家的金融发展理论和区域金融发展特点等方面。

To prevent and treat financial crises involves a timely and effective handling of problem financial institutions, conservatorship being one of the main alternatives internationally.

预防、治理金融危机需要及时有效地处理问题金融机构，接管已经成为国际上处理问题金融机构的主要方式之一。

This paper adopts four estimative targets :the degree of financia1 development,the efficiency of investment,the level of saving and the development of financia1 markets,which reflect the financial development of China.

通过采用金融发展程度、资本的投资效率、储蓄水平、金融市场发育程度等四个反映金融发展的测度指标，探讨了我国金融发展与经济增长之间的相互关系。

The characteristics of financial market and financial institution and the present situation of supervision towards "human" in our country's financial supervision imminently appeal to bring "human" factor into financial supervision areas.

金融市场和金融机构的特点，以及我国金融监管中对"人"的监管现状都迫切要求将"人"的因素纳入金融监管范畴。

Global financial market integration, financial innovation and constant improvement of our financial system, particularly to join WTO, to strengthen the reform of the financial accounting century provided an opportunity.

全球金融市场一体化进程，金融业务的不断创新和我国金融体系的不断完善，尤其是加入WTO，为加强金融会计跨世纪改革的步伐提供了契机。

However, due to the large differences in economic development, social operation model, political system and cultural customs etc., there are many pecularities in China. We can see from the two following aspects: one is our the selection of pension institutions which possesses more character of "institutional dependency", and the determinative role of the evolvement of the pension structure on the choice of pension risk management mode can\'t directly be embodied, but the determinative role of the financial structure on overall the pension structure registers as the restriction of our financial system to the development of our private pension plans; the other one is that the magistral situation and product structure of traditional financial institutions, especially insurers, reflect our financial system is not quick to manage pension risk.

然而，由于我国在经济发展水平、社会运行模式、政治制度体制、社会文化习俗等方面与OECD国家存在较大的差异，我国养老金结构与金融结构的相关性也具有一定的特殊性，这种特殊性体现在两个方面：一是我国公共养老金计划主导的养老金制度选择更具有"制度依赖性"，并不能直接地、自然而然地体现出养老金结构演变对养老风险管理模式的决定作用，而金融结构对养老金整体结构的决定作用则更多地表现为金融系统对我国私营养老金计划发展的掣肘；二是我国传统金融机构特别是人寿保险公司在私营养老金计划中的主导地位和产品结构反映出我国金融体系管理养老风险的整体能力还不理想。

Leading financial institutions in Shanghai, the current round of high-level rotation with Shanghai International Group and the Shanghai State-owned Asset Management Limited as at the beginning of the reorganization of assets, involving the Shanghai International Group, Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, Shanghai Bank, the country voted , Aijian shares, China UnionPay and other financial institutions, as well as the Shanghai Financial Office, the People's Bank of Shanghai Headquarters, the China Banking Regulatory Commission and other functional departments.

上海市主要金融机构的本轮高层换防以上海国际集团与上海国有资产经营有限公司进行资产重组为伊始，涉及上海国际集团、浦发银行、上海银行、上国投、爱建股份、中国银联等金融机构，以及上海市金融办、人民银行上海总部、银监会等职能部门。

Keywords: Financial Input-Occupancy-Output table;shadow price of financial assets;direct and completed coefficients of financing usage

中文关键词：金融投入占用产出表；金融资产影子价格；融资的直接和完全利用系数；金融资产直接占用和完全占用系数

There are some successful experiences in the countries throughout the world that we can use for reference Basing on Chinese reality and using of the international experience of other countries, the paper puts forward some short-termed and medium-and-long termed measures to start up Chinese folk investment through finance These measures are as f ollo~vs establihing polical financial channel building credit guarantee system for folk MS SE, integrating Chinese financial policy supporting greatly Chinese Medium-and-small financial institutions improving the service of state-owed commercial banks for MSSE.

本文在借鉴世界各国金融启动民间投资成功经验的基础上，结合当前我国民营中小企业发展中存在的实际困难，立足我国现实国情，提出了金融启动民间投资的近期对策和中长期对策，包括有建立政策性的筹资渠道、建立民间中小企业信用担保体系，完善我国的金融政策、大力支持我国中小金融机构的发展、改善我国国有商业银行对中小企业的金融服务、大力拓展银行中间业务、发展融资租赁业、以中小企业的整体重组促进投融资、发展风险投资、建立二板市场等。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。