金融机构

Article 2 The "consumer financial companies" herein refer to the non-bank financial institutions established in the People's Republic of China upon approval of the China Banking Regulatory Commission in the principle of no absorption of deposits of the public and provision of small-amount dispersive loans with a view of providing loans to the residents of China for their consumption.

第二条 本办法所称消费金融公司，是指经中国银行业监督管理委员会批准，在中华人民共和国境内设立的，不吸收公众存款，以小额、分散为原则，为中国境内居民个人提供以消费为目的的贷款的非银行金融机构。

In this paper the utility analysis is introduced into the basic model for e-financial innovation diffusion by utilizing biological population model as its benchmark so that the point of saturation can be determined more accurately. in addition, empirical studies have been done using data of taiwan credit card and mainland bank card. the result provides theoretic reference for the strategic decision of financial institutions and for the policy-making of the supervisors.

本文在将生物种群模型引入网络金融创新产品扩散的基本模型的基础上将效用引入扩散过程的分析中，从而更准确地判断饱和点的产生，并针对中国台湾信用卡数据和中国内地银行卡进行了实证研究，模型的研究可以为金融机构的战略决策以及管理部门的产业政策制定提供理论参考。

Inducing infusion of private capital: to further expand the capital available to the financial sector, and to reduce the use of public funds for this purpose, financial firms should be required or induced to raise capital through right offerings to their existing shareholders.

诱导注入私人资本：进一步扩大资本提供给金融部门，并减少使用公共资金为此，金融机构应当要求或诱导，提高资本通过正确的产品，其现有股东的利益。

Since the 1990s, some profit-driven financial institutions in economies lacking effective regulation have raised massive capital with a leverage of dozens of times.

从上世纪90年代以来，一些经济体疏于监管，一些金融机构受利益驱动，利用数十倍的金融杠杆进行超额融资，在获取高额利润的同时，把巨大的风险留给整个世界。

Large banks, securities firms, insurance companies, financial institutions and large enterprises in this intensive offices, the United States and the world of finance, securities trading, as Wall Street in general often synonymous with monopoly capital.

大银行、证券公司、保险公司等金融机构以及大企业的办事处密集于此，成为美国和互联网纾的金融、证券交易的中心，一般常把华尔街作为垄断资本的代名词。

Mr. Taitom is China Chairman Assistant of CERCLE FRANCO CHINOIS now. He has master degree in finance and bachelor degree in Architecture and Urban Planning. He was awarded Excellent Youth Model by Shanghai Government.

张太東先生是现任法国法中协会主席助理兼中国区秘书长，他有金融硕士和建筑城市规划学士学位，他在国际金融机构拥有十几年的工作经验和社会网络，同时在基础设施房地产旅游领域拥有十几多年的工作管理经验，曾被评为上海市青年标兵和新长征突击手。

They promised to use all the tools at their disposal to prevent the failure of banks and institutions that could destabilize the global system.

他们许诺随意使用所以的工具以防止银行和金融机构的破产，那样会破坏全球的金融系统。

In order to expose more exactly of the market risk faced by financing institutions, and manage risk more deeply and completely, This article expands research in the following aspects: multivariate abnormal distribution family, the measurement of correlation function in the portfolio selection and Copula function.

为了能更准确地反映金融机构面临的市场风险，进行深层次的、全面的管理金融风险，本文最后从以下几方面展开了风险价值度量方法的研究：多元非正态分布族，投资组合中相关性度量方法及Copula函数。

In order to expose more exactly of the market risk faced by financing institutions,and manage risk more deeply and completely,This article expands research in the following aspects:multivariate abnormal distribution family,the measurement of correlati on function in the portfolio selection and Copula function.

为了能更准确地反映金融机构面临的市场风险，入行深层次的、全面的管理金融风险，本文最后从以下几方面展开了风险价值度量方法的研究：多元非正态分布族，投资组合中相关性度量方法及Copula函数。

We show that financial crises can emanate from financial institutions which generate soft-budget constraints.

我们证明，金融危机可从软预算约束的金融机构中发端。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。