金融上

On the basis of an analysis of the present profile of automobile consumer credit in China,a discussion is done on the meaning of its development. This thesis introduces the development of the market of automobile consumer credit overseas, and finds out the reasons why overseas automobile consumer credit leads to the successful development of automobile industry. It also analyses the causes of the slump in the market of automobile consumer credit in the country in aspects of influential elements such as economy,policies,society,consumption norms and so on. It has a deep discussion on some obvious problems in this field. For example,the market of automobile consumer credit is of no scale; the prices of automobiles are high; taxes are heavy and expenses are too much; average residents still have low income and no definite balance between income and predicted expenses; there is no perfect social credit system and individual credit system; there is not enough awareness of credit among the public. Taking theories in the area of industrial economics into consideration,it proposes basic measures of promoting the development of consumer credit in China: building up a credited society,a perfect and sound personal credit system.With credit database as the platform,all parties will be able to share information,improve the credit database,relevant regulations and laws as well as a risk warning system,thus operation and management of the operating entities will be improved,the cost of the practice of consumer credit will be reduced; strengthen the innovation of present financial system,develop financial products corresponding to different groups of customers,improve services,perfect the mode of "bank+insurance+automobile agents",make full use of the interne,adopt the practice of turning credit into securities.

本文在我国现阶段汽车消费信贷现状分析的基础上，对大力发展汽车消费信贷的意义进行了讨论；通过分析国外汽车消费信贷市场的发展概况，解析出国外汽车消费信贷促进汽车产业发展成功的原因；从影响汽车消费信贷市场发展的有关因素如经济环境、政策环境、社会环境和消费习惯等方面分析了我国汽车消费信贷市场现状低迷的症结所在；对中国汽车消费信贷市场的一些明显问题，如汽车消费市场尚未形成规模，汽车价格偏高，税费和使用费用负担沉重，相对较低的居民收入与预期收支不确定，社会信用体系尚未建立，个人信用制度缺失，公众信用意识淡薄等方面进行了深入探讨；立足于产业经济学理论，提出了构建信用社会，建立健全和完善个人信用体系，建立个人资信评估机构和登记制度，引入专业的资信中介机构，以信用数据库平台为基础，各方共享资源，组建客户信用数据平台，完善法规制度建设，建立健全汽车信贷消费的法律体系，建立风险预警机制，提高汽车消费信贷经营主体的经营管理水平，降低汽车信贷业务成本，加大金融制度创新的力度，开发适合不同消费群体的金融产品，提高服务质量，完善"银行+保险+汽车经销商"的汽车信贷模式，充分利用互联网、实行贷款证券化等促进我国汽车消费信贷发展的基本措施。

We point out that there is the intrinsic logicality in the form and development of financial systems.

在回顾我国金融体系20多年的改革历程的基础上，从金融体系演变内在逻辑性的角度指出这种改革的合意性，呈现的主要特点以及还存在的主要缺陷。

With the rapid development of economic globalization and finance unification nowadays, the mightiness of a country must be based on the powerful finance.

在经济全球化和金融一体化以前所未有的广度和深度发展的当今世界，一个国家经济上的强大必须有强大的金融作为后盾。

Offshore in the 1960's rise to international financial markets development hasentered a brand new stage of development.

离岸金融在上世纪60年代的兴起，使国际金融市场的发展进入了一个全新的发展阶段。

ROSCA which is an old-line style of informal finance is familiar to people who live on the southeast of China. It has many characteristics of cooperation finance, and can solve the above-mentioned problem in a certain extent.

而互助会作为农村非正式金融中的一种，在我国的东南沿海一带长期存在，它拥有很多合作金融的性质，能够在一定程度上解决农村地区的融资问题。

In the first part of this paper, we concentrate on the categories and character of operational risk, discuss the important affect on financial institution. The present situation of operational risk management in Chinese financial institution is also briefly introduced. In the second part of this paper, the strategy, organization structure and management process of operational risk management is discussed, and some main methodology and system of the internal control of operational risk management in international financial institution are listed here.

本文第一部分简要地介绍了操作风险的分类和基本特征，并分析了操作风险对金融机构的重要影响和我国金融机构操作风险管理现状；第二部分着重讨论操作风险管理的战略，操作风险管理的组织结构、管理流程，以及操作风险管理的内部控制过程，并列举了一些国际上通常的内部控制手段和制度。

In the path of exchange rate system choice,the neglect of financial sector is equivalent to the neglect of the capital and financial accounts.

在汇率制度选择的路径选择上，对一国金融部门的忽略等同于对资本与金融账户的忽略。

The influence of financial storm had become zephyr before 100 meeting a, accordingly, below the operation of 100 meetings, enough smile of ability of 100 meetings SaaS faces financial storm, inspect it is rare opportunity, borrow machine is refluent and on.

金融风暴的影响在百会面前已经变成了和风一缕，因此，在百会的运营下，百会SaaS才能够微笑面对金融风暴，视之为一次难得的机遇，借机逆流而上。

Although,the current fund-raising system in our country can effe ctively mobi-lize savings,problems still exist in capital transformation.As a p ublic resource,government financing continues to play an important role,whereas the function of financial market to fuel economy tends to be weakened.Resources are allocated revers...

我国现行融资制度基本能够有效地进行储蓄动员，但在向资本转化方面存在着一定的障碍；作为公共资源的政府融资仍然发挥着相当重要的作用，但金融市场对经济的促进作用有进一步弱化的趋势；在地区间和企业间存在着资源的逆配置现象，总体上资本的运用效率较低，而非正规金融发挥了不可或缺的作用；严格的利率管制使中介的价格发现功能几乎没有，而市场的价格发现功能一直较弱；此外，存在较高的交易成本，流动性水平整体较低，风险转移功能也相对缺乏。

It's found that, the liability of Taiwan-funded enterprises, is mostly composed of operating liability and short-term loan, the ratio of debt to financial institution is not high and the debt is mostly short-term; Financing from the bank or financial institution is important fund source for Taiwan-funded enterprises, especially regarding revolving fund; and moreover it shows that macroeconomic policy, legal restriction and bad financial behavior is the principal reason causing the Taiwan-funded enterprises' difficulty in debt-finance in China mainland.

研究发现，台资企业的负债融资主要是依靠经营性负债和短期隆借款；向金融机构借款的比率并不高，且借款形式以短期借款为主；向大陆中资银行或金融机构的融资是台资企业重要的资金来源，尤其是在周转金安排上；造成台资企业在大陆借贷困难的主要原因是宏观经济政策、法令限制和企业自身财务的不佳。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。