金融上

Chapter 8 reviews the theory of interest group in financial development and put out its policy implications for our financial development, that is, to restrict the negative effects of interest groups on financial development through completive competitions.

另外，结合我国的具体情况，该章对我国利益集团影响金融发展所作的政策思考归结到一点就是要继续推行全方位的开放政策，通过全面的竞争来制约利益集团对金融发展的负面影响。第九章在简要辨析信任与社会资本概念的基础上，对信任与金融发展关系的理论与实证研究进行综述。

On the basis of defining the connation of energy finance, this paper analyzes the main issues and train of thoughts in the field of energy finance, and shows that the research of energy finance at present should be set off from three aspects: the finance security, risk prevention and the management method of energy industry; the financial policies of independent innovation and the policy guarantee system; the

论文在对能源金融的内涵进行界定的基础上，就能源金融领域研究的主要问题及研究思路进行了分析。笔者认为，目前我国能源金融的研究应从三个方面开展。

To prevent and treat financial crises involves a timely and effective handling of problem financial institutions, conservatorship being one of the main alternatives internationally.

预防、治理金融危机需要及时有效地处理问题金融机构，接管已经成为国际上处理问题金融机构的主要方式之一。

On the base of the things above, we analyzed the financial system of our country and found the problems existed in the system, including the disfigurement in financial system and the problem happened when the system in use.

在此基础上，研究了我国金融体制的现状，分析了中国金融体制存在的问题包括金融体制的缺陷和我国金融业在实际运用中存在的问题。

In the view of current situation, the author classifies the modules in financial companies and discusses the modes of innovation, the process and the influencing factor of module combination based financial service innovation, trying to provide some theatrical instructions to promote the innovation of the financial companies.

针对这种现状，本文在对金融服务的模块进行分类的基础上，对基于模块组合的金融服务创新模式、创新过程以及其绩效的影响因素进行探讨，以期为促进我国金融服务创新提供理论指导。

All the issues directly or indirectly influence value and price of the NPAs. The methodologies including static and dynamic analysis, micro and macro analysis are applied to address the basic theoretical and specific problems in the research. The analysis on value and price of NPAs can fill some vacancies of the theoretical research about NPAs, and reveal the internal links among current relevant theories about fictitious capital /assets, financial risk, financial crisis, portfolio selection and assets pricing models, assets assessment and evaluation technologies.

不良资产价值和价格分析可填补现行不良资产研究中基础性研究的某些不足，并可将现行与不良资产价值和价格分析相关的理论如金融资产或虚拟资本理论、金融风险理论、金融危机理论、资产组合与资产定价模型以及资产评估技术等有机地联系起来，将现行理论所研究的内容的内在联系表现出来，并在一定程度上弥补现行理论的不足。

The hard core of this article is the comparison between the Chinese and foreign developmental financial institutions' operating mechanism through nine aspects separately, such as developmental course, the business mechanism, the risk control, organizational system and external circumstance, and proposed the general character of the operational mechanism of the Chinese and foreign developmental financial institutions is: the promotion of national economic development and the upgrading of the industrial structure; the trend of integrated business models and commercial institutions is gradually obvious, and still undertaking some policy-type business ;the business developed diversely, maintaining a reasonable level of profitability; active financial innovation; established an effective risk prevention mechanism.

文中的核心部分是对中外开发性金融机构运行机制的比较，分别从发展历程、经营机制、风险控制机制、外部环境和组织制度等五个方面进行比较分析，提出中外开发性金融机构在运行机制上具有的共性在于：促进本国经济的发展和产业结构的升级；综合型经营模式和机构商业化趋势渐浓，且仍兼营一些政策性业务；业务向多元化发展，保持合理的盈利水平；积极进行金融创新；建立了有效的风险防范机制。

Leading financial institutions in Shanghai, the current round of high-level rotation with Shanghai International Group and the Shanghai State-owned Asset Management Limited as at the beginning of the reorganization of assets, involving the Shanghai International Group, Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, Shanghai Bank, the country voted , Aijian shares, China UnionPay and other financial institutions, as well as the Shanghai Financial Office, the People's Bank of Shanghai Headquarters, the China Banking Regulatory Commission and other functional departments.

上海市主要金融机构的本轮高层换防以上海国际集团与上海国有资产经营有限公司进行资产重组为伊始，涉及上海国际集团、浦发银行、上海银行、上国投、爱建股份、中国银联等金融机构，以及上海市金融办、人民银行上海总部、银监会等职能部门。

Securitylization of financial assets is "the process take corporate inventory assets or fore seeable futuristic income to make up and transform, and become the financial products could, be sold and circulated."

通过对国内外学者关于金融资产证券化的概念的不同论述分析，笔者认为美国证券交易委员会做出的定义更易被接受，即金融资产证券化是"将企业不流通的存量资产或可预见的未来收入构造和转变成为资本市场上可销售和流通的金融产品过程。"

At present the international financial environment is more and more liberalized and globalized, every country is trying to find a develop-driving financial mode. Since 1990s the mergence surge of banks in the whole world seems to show the facts: In modern society, with the candescent financial competition, developing super-scale bank is not only a realizable choice but also an inevitable trend.

现阶段国际金融环境正在朝着自由化和全能化的方向发展，各国都将为寻找有利于自身发展的金融模式努力。20世纪90年代以来的国际上银行的并购浪潮似乎向人们证实了，在金融竞争白热化的现代社会，发展超大规模的银行不仅是一种现实选择，而且是一种必然趋势。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。