金相学的

This dissertation involves the study of the growth dynamics of colloidal particles under unequilibrium and irreversibility condition. Firstly, it is of interest to investigate whether the ideal diffusion or reaction-limited aggregation universal behavior can be observed for the initially polydisperse practical system of basic yttrium carbonate as well. The fractal structure of basic yttrium carbonate aggregate cluster was observed using transmission eletron microscopy. The aggregation kinetics of basic yttrium carbonate colloids was studed using dynamic 1ight-scattering techniques. At 1.00mol/l NaCl solution the fast diffusion-limited aggregation behavior was observed with an increase in the aggregate size over time described by a power law. The aggregates are characterized by a fractal dimension D=1.82. The disordered and ramified cluster is consisted of primary colloidal particles and tenuous and more open. These are in good agreement with those observed for other colloidal system such as colloidal gold (1.86), silica (1.85) and polystyrene latex (1.82) in diffusion-limited aggregation from the static and dynamic light scattering by Lin. Therefore ideal diffusion-limited aggregation behavior can be observed in practical polydisperse system as well. Smoluchwski and fractal theories were used to obtain the aggregation rate constant for initially polydisperse system for the first time.

本论文研究胶粒的非平衡不可逆聚集动态学，分为两个部分，第一部分是通过实验研究一个新的初始多分散的碱式碳酸钇胶粒实际体系中，聚集标度性质的普适性，即使用透射电子显微技术观测聚集粒子簇的分形结构，使用动态激光光散射研究碱式碳酸钇胶粒的聚集动力学，胶粒带电而产生静电排斥作用使得碱式碳酸钇胶粒处于稳定状态，当加入电解质NaCl溶液时，碱式碳酸钇胶粒间的Debye-Hückel屏蔽距离缩短，从而降低静电排斥能垒，引起胶粒发生不可逆聚集，加入电解质NaCl的浓度为1.00mol/l时，碱式碳酸钇胶粒进行快速聚集，经历扩散控制聚集机理，形成结构疏松、更为开放的分形聚集粒子簇，其分形维数为1.82，碱式碳酸钇胶粒聚集增长动力学遵循幂函数增长规律，与Lin等使用静态激光光散射和动态激光光散射测量硅胶(1.85)、金胶(1.86)和聚苯乙烯胶乳(1.82)在扩散控制聚集状态形成聚集粒子簇的分形维数值以及粒子簇聚集增长的动力学规律相一致，表明胶粒聚集标度性质的普适性质在初始多分散的实际体系中也是存在的，首次由动态激光光散射的实验数据得到初始多分散胶粒分形粒子簇的聚集速率常数，并且其值与Smoluchowski聚集速率理论预期相符。

The fluid inclusion petrography and homogenization temperature of quartz vein type Au ore and the altered cataclastic rock type Au ore (area 210) show different characteristics of the fluid inclusions and variation of the ore-forming temperatures. The fluid inclusions can be divided into Ⅰ and Ⅱ types, i.

通过对北山地区金窝子矿区石英脉型金矿和210矿区蚀变岩型金矿中流体包裹体的岩相学和显微测温研究，查明了不同金矿类型中流体包裹体的特征和成矿温度的变化特征。

On the hopeful 21st century, the rapid development of information, biotechnology, energy resources, environment, advanced manufacturing technology and national defense have produced the new demand for materials. More and more small size of materials will meet the demand of miniatured, intelligent, highly integrated, densely memorized and super fast transmission element. Aerospace industry, up-to-date military equipment, advanced manufactured technology and so on has required better and better properties.

中文题名有机高分子－无机纳米复合粒子改性高分子材料的力学性能－相态与群子标度之间关系的研究副题名外文题名 Studies on the relationship of mechanical properties-morphology and sub-cluster parameters of polymer materials modified by organic polymer-inorganic nanocomposite particles 论文作者权英导师金日光教授学科专业材料学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位北京化工大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数177页关键词纳米材料高分子材料纳米复合材料纳米粒子馆藏号BSLW /2003 /TB383 /7 在充满生机的21世纪，信息、生物技术、能源、环境、先进制造技术和国防的高速发展必然对材料提出新的需求，元件的小型化、智能化、高集成、高密度存储和超快传输等对材料的尺寸要求越来越小；航空航天、新型军事装备及先进制造技术等对材料性能要求越来越高。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。