金汇兑本位

There were various institutional arrangements in an attempt to find a solution, including the Silver Standard, the Gold Standard, the Gold Exchange Standard and the Bretton Woods system.

历史上的银本位、金本位、金汇兑本位、布雷顿森林体系都是解决该问题的不同制度安排，这也是国际货币基金组织成立的宗旨之一。

Bretton Woods System The Bretton Woods system was a gold-exchange standard.

布雷顿森林体系布雷顿森林体系是金汇兑本位制。

It had been a long journey from the gold standard of the 19th century, via the restored gold-exchange standard of the 1920s, the monetary chaos of the 1930s, the Bretton Woods system of adjustable exchange rates of the 1950s and 1960s, the termination of dollar convertibility into gold in 1971, and the monetary targeting of the 1970s and 1980s.

这是一段漫长的旅途，从19世纪的金本位开始，历经上世纪20年代的金汇兑本位制、30年代的金融混乱、50年代和60年代实行浮动汇率制的布雷顿森林体系、1971年结束美元与黄金的兑换，以及70年代和80年代的货币目标制。

So its practice was ended unsuccessfully under the criticism of monetarists. After the seventies of 20th century, most of the developed countries turned to the rule of monetary targeting.

从货币政策的实践来看，目标规则更受各国货币当局的青睐。19世纪末开始的金本位制以及后来的金汇兑本位制、布雷顿森林体系、欧洲货币体系都可以看成一种汇率目标规则。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。