金本位

Nevertheless, from 1900 to 1914 Austria-Hungary really possessed a gold standard or gold-exchange standard, for the Bank did in fact readily provide gold for commercial requirements.

然而，从1900至1914年，奥匈帝国真正拥有了金本位或金交换本位，因为银行实际上随时愿意提供黄金以满足商业的要求。

As Gauti Eggerstsson recently explained in the American Economic Review, Hoover's adherence to the gold standard, and his determination to keep government small and raise taxes to try to balance the budget, created a rational expectation of continued economic contraction, dampening the economy's animal spirits.

正如 Gauti Eggerstsson 最近在《美国经济评论》上解释的那样：胡佛，他坚守"金本位"；他坚定信心，保持"小政府"（这也就没有凯恩斯主义的"刺激"了）；他提高税收，以期平衡预算，从而创造了"经济持续收缩"的理性预期，沮丧了经济的动物精神。

David argues that this weakened the Cassel/Hawtrey explanation for the Depression, which focused on problems with the international gold standard.

大卫认为这一点削弱了卡塞尔/哈特利关于萧条的解释力度，这一解释的焦点聚集在国际金本位制度上。

In the absence of the gold standard, there is no way to protect savings from confiscation through inflation.

当抛弃了金本位制后，面对着以通货膨胀的形式进行的"储蓄充公"，我们束手无策。

In the wake of the collapse of the international gold standard post 1913, and the move towards deficit financing of government, RBD has remained a minor topic, primarily of interest in limited contexts, such as currency boards.

在1913年，当已经瓦解的国际金本位开始恢复，政府财政赤字越来越严重，RBD还一直都是少数派的观点，只是在特定的环境中做为主要的利息，譬如货币板块。

Thus, government deficit spending under a gold standard is severely limited.

这样，在金本位制下，政府的赤字开支是受到严格约束。

Instead, this gaggle of leading financiers called for a new reserve currency, akin to an old-style gold standard.

相反，这群重要的金融家呼吁设立一种类似于传统金本位的新的储备货币。

Of gold reserves as a general currency and hedging instruments, tools in the cold state of the economy under the gold standard is based on the role of participation in the economy, in this state, the growth rate of gold production and overall economic growth rate is basically the same, mutual adaptation, and thereby laying the natural basis of the gold standard, ie, gold, gold standard is a perfect reflection of the natural properties of gold.

黄金作为一般货币和保值储备手段，在冷工具经济状态下是以金本位的角色参与经济的，在这种状态下，黄金生产的增长率和整体经济的增长率是基本一致的，相互适应的，从而为金本位奠定了自然基础，也就是说，黄金的金本位恰好反映了黄金的自然属性。

All will then be solved when, as Mr Greenspan himself believed, the world goes back on to gold.

就像格林斯潘自己所认为的那样，如果全球回到金本位时代，那么所有的问题都将得到解决。

Under these arrangements, a gold standard, like a reserve currency system, results in fixed exchange rates between all currencies.

在上述条件下，金本位制就如同储备货币体系，导致了实行金本位制的国家之间的固定汇率。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新