金属氢

This paper is focused on the preparation, characterization of metal clusters and theircatalytic performance in the enantioselective as well as stereoselective hydrogenations. It iscomposed of the five parts as follows: Chapter 1 A review was given on the two most studied enantioselective systems—Ni/TA and Pt/cinchona system, including some recent progress.

本论文研究了铂、铱纳米金属簇在α-酮酯、α-二酮不对称氢化中的催化性能及金属离子在α-二酮立体选择性氢化中的修饰作用，主要分为以下几部分：第一章对多相不对称催化体系一Ni／TA和Pt／cinchona及其一些最新进展作了较系统的评述；同时简要介绍了纳米金属簇的特性及其在催化中的一些应用。

The byproducts using a HZSM-5 supported multi-metal catalyst are polymer of MXDA condensation detected by MS, which is different from the byproducts using the carbon supported metal catalyst.

反应副产物用MS定性分析表明：分子筛负载的多金属加氢催化剂与活性炭负载的多金属催化剂不同。分子筛负载的多金属加氢催化剂产生的副反应主要为MXDA的分子间脱氨缩合反应。

A process for preparing cycloolefin features that in the presence of catalyst slurry containing metal Ru catalyst, water and metallic sulfate, the mononuclear aromatics is partially hydrogenated by hydrogen, and includes a step to control the activity of catalyst.

一种生产环烯烃的方法，该方法是在含有金属钌催化剂、水和金属硫酸盐的催化剂浆液存在下用氢部分加氢单环芳烃进行该方法，其中包括控制催化剂活性的步骤。

Nevertheless, due to the increase of the surface area and activity, the possibility of hydrogenolysis also increases so that more chloroform are generated with the use of nano-scale particles than with the micro-scale particles.

然而由於尺寸缩小，反应活性亦加大，奈米锡在水中对氢离子的竞争性提升，因此加强了氢解反应的发生机率，造成奈米化金属系统三氯甲烷的产率较粉末状金属系统高出许多。

In complex 1,Cucan be described as a four-coordinated square planar geometry.Compound 8 is the sodium salt of plumbagin and exists as ionic compound.Compounds 9-16 are the rare earth complexes of plumbagin with La,Y,Dy,Sm,Gd,Nd,Erand Eu.Compound 17 is binuclear Y complex.18 is mononuclear Ycomplex with plumbagin and another ligand from Plumbago Zeylanica.Compounds 19-21 are the ternary complexes with plumbagin and 2,2\'-bpy and phen as assistant ligand.In 19, the geometry of Cucan be described as five-coordinated distorted square pyramid that exists in a dimer through the weak bonding,and 1-D chain structure is formed by intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

化合物1的单晶结构分析表明1具有四配位平面四边形结构，化合物8是白花丹素的Na盐，以离子化合物形式存在；化合物9～16为白花丹素的La，Y，Dy，Sm，Gd，Nd，Er，Eu的稀土金属配合物；化合物17是白花丹素的双核钇结构；化合物18为白花丹素的单核钇结构，该配合物除了含白花丹素外，还有来自白花丹植物中的另一个单体化合物也参与配位；化合物19～21是以2，2\'-联吡啶和邻菲咯啉等含N配体为辅助配体，具有白花丹素—含N配体—金属离子的三元配合物，化合物19是白花丹素和2，2\'-联吡啶与Cu的配合物，具有五配位的四方锥构型，通过Cu…O弱的成键作用形成二聚体，再通过分子间的氢键作用进一步形成一维链状结构，化合物20和化合物21是白花丹素分别与2，2\'-联吡啶和邻菲咯啉的Zn配合物，都具有六配位八面体构型的双核锌配合物，呈一维链状结构，化合物20中链与链之间的大量氢键将一维链扩展成二维层，分子间的π-π堆积作用进一步形成三维结构。

Both catalytic activity and selectivity of Ru(PPh_3)_3Cl_2 were improved in ionic liquid BMImPF_6/DME medium.The conversion of hexene and selectivity ofβ-adduct for the hydrosilylation reaction of 1-hexene with triethoxysilane catalyzed by Ru(PPh_3)_3Cl_2 in ionic liquid BMImPF_6DME (V/V=1/4) medium at 90℃were 100% and 89.0%,respectively.

实验结果表明，在乙二醇二甲醚/离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(BMImBF_6)(V/V =1/4)介质中，于90℃下，己烯与三乙氧基硅烷反应的转化率为100%，β加成物的选择性可达89.0%，而用Rh(PPh_3)_3Cl作为反应的催化剂，在纯离子液体BMImPF_6中，就可以高效催化烯烃与三乙氧基氢硅烷的加成反应，过渡金属Rh(PPh_3)_3Cl，Ru(PPh_3)_3Cl_2催化剂/离子液体BMImPF_6催化体系，不仅解决了产物与催化剂分离困难这一难题，同时，离子液体BMImPF_6的存在提高了过渡金属Rh(PPh_3)_3Cl，Ru(PPh_3)_3Cl_2催化硅氢加成反应的活性，特别是β加成物的选择性。

The best catalytic activity and selectivity could be found in the prepared catalyst system with the optimum combination of the ionic liquid, nano-Pd, and support. The stabilizer is also used to prevent the aggregation of nano-Pd particles. One of the advantages of this approach is that the prereduction of catalyst is not required.

其中离子液体、奈米钯金属及担体皆有其功能，三者之组合才能达到良好之效果，同时，在合成奈米钯过程中，必须使用稳定剂以避免奈米钯金属之聚集此触媒系统之另一优点为不需先加氢还原处理，耐水性强且可重覆使用，是一种颇具潜力之选择性氢化触媒。

The demetalation of Ni-OEP in the presence of H2 consists of two steps. The first step is hydrogenation of nickel porphyrin to nickel chlorin, and the second step is decomposition of nickel chlorin and the removal of nickel.

，也有相当一部分镍卟啉发生分解，脱除所配合的金属；镍卟啉的临氢脱金属反应过程分为两步，第一步是卟啉分子中一个吡咯环上的外环双键加氢生成镍卟酚，第二步镍卟酚分解，金属脱除。

Using hydrotreated gas oil as solvent, under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 400 C, a hydrogen partial pressure of 10 MPa and a reaction time of 1 h, a portion of coke deposits could be removed yet without the function of hydrogenating coke.

采用溶剂萃取法除去工业失活催化剂上沉积的焦炭和金属的研究结果表明，用四氢呋喃、吡啶和喹啉这3种含杂原子的有机强溶剂常温萃取催化剂，其去除焦炭能力很弱，而且会因这些溶剂的强吸附作用污染催化剂；盐酸洗涤能有效去除催化剂表面的钙、铁沉积层，但不能去除焦炭；低芳香性的加氢瓦斯油在400 C、H2压力为10MPa、反应1h的条件下可部分去除催化剂上的焦炭，但不具备强的氢化焦炭作用；1，2，3，4-四氢化萘因具有供给原子氢的能力，可以有效地氢化和去除催化剂上的焦炭。

This paper introduces the studies of Gerhard Ertl, who is awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007, in adsorption of hydrogen on metal surfaces, the mechanism of catalytic reaction in Haber- Bosch process for synthesis of ammonia, and the process of catalytic oxidation of CO.

格哈德·埃特尔的重要贡献主要有3方面：(1)解决了氢原子是如何在Pd、Pt和Ni等金属表面组织排列的问题；(2)对哈伯一博施法合成氨反应催化机理的研究；(3)对C催化氧化的研究及非线性动力学理论的建立。1 氢在金属表面吸附的研究萨巴蒂埃因发现精细金属颗粒催化有机物加氢的方法而获1912年度诺贝尔化学奖。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。