金属化

In joins in the cobaltous acetate resultant besides nano-carbonball, has tubular of matter the minority head harness metal. Adds response the formic acid nickel to be possible to obtain the particle size comparatively greatly to have the carbon-encapsulated. The Co3B obtained resultant shape not to be more irregular also to have the carbon-encapsulated.

当加入醋酸钴反应时，产物中除奈米碳球外，还具有少数头戴金属钴之管状物质；而加甲酸镍时，则可得到较大粒径具有包覆现象之奈米碳球；然而加入硼化钴所得反应产物形状较不规则且具有包覆之奈米颗粒。

The selective hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde to crotyl alchol was carried out over finely dispersed polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized ruthenium clusters.

以聚乙烯吡啶烷酮稳定的钌纳米金属簇为催化剂，进行了巴豆醛的选择性催化氢化。

Based on the problem of various types of catalyst and according to the features of carbonylation catalysts reactions, our team has been designed a series of new metal complexes of benimidazoles, which can be used for carbonylation catalyst of industry. Seven new benzimidazole derivatives were prepared by the o-phenylenediamine、oxalic acid、glycolic acid、monomethyl monopotassium malonate、ethyl cyanoacetate、succinic anhydride. The structures of them were confirmed by IR、Elemental analsis. The crystal structures of d and e were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction of Germanic Bruker Smart APEX II CCD. The catalysis of them was tested by carbonylation reactions.

本文设计以邻苯二胺和草酸、羟基乙酸、丙二酸单甲酯、氰基乙酸乙酯、丁二酸单甲酯为原料采用PPA催化和无机酸催化法，合成了4种苯并咪唑-2-羧酸衍生物并进行了表征；培养了2个化合物d、e的晶体并测定和讨论了晶体结构；制备了3种未见报道的苯并咪唑金属配合物，对配合物在羰基化法制醋酐-醋酸反应的催化作用进行了初步试验。

The paper reviews the progress of ionic liquids as microwave mediums or catalysts in the fields of organic synthesis, mainly including cyclization, nucleophilic substitution, ring closing metathesis, acylation, rearrangement, polymerization, coupling, oxidation and reduction as well as selective debromination, etc.

本文综述了以离子液体为反应介质或催化剂的微波辅助技术在多种类型有机反应中的研究成果，主要包括了环合反应、亲核取代反应、金属复分解反应、酰化反应、重排反应、聚合反应、偶联反应、氧化还原反应和选择性脱溴反应等。

The paper reviews the progress of ionic liquids as microwave medium or catalyst in the fields of organic synthesis, mainly including cyclization reation, nucleophilic subsitution reaction, metathesis reaction, acylation reation, rearragement reaction, polymerization reaction, coupling reaction, oxidation and reduction reaction as well as selective debromination reaction etc.

本文综述了以离子液体为反应介质或催化剂的微波辅助技术在多种类型有机反应中的研究成果，主要包括了环合反应、亲核取代反应、金属复分解反应、酰化反应、重排反应、聚合反应、偶联反应、氧化还原反应和选择性脱溴反应等。

The insufficiencies of current models for the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation are analyzed and summarized,and the development trends for future research are proposed.

最后对现有模型存在的不足作出了总结，并对未来的金属氢化物氢化/脱氢反应动力学模型研究进行了展望。

We prepared the ordered porous alumina membrane by a two-step anodization method in oxalic or sulfuric acids, which is a self-ordered hexagonal array of cells with an adjustable pore diameter of 20-150nm and a different pore structures (i.e. Y-branched, dendriform, toothed and torous ones). Furthermore, the template-electrodeposition, vapor-catalytic growth, and controlled chemical etching were developed for well-aligned carbon nanotubes and oxide nanopillars with adjustable diameter, Al2O3-AlN one-dimensional heterojunction, Y-junction and dendriform metal nanowires, as well as Y-junction, and torous carbon nanotubes. The resultant one-dimensional junctions were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM,HRTEM, and STM, and the field emission of the well-aligned carbon nanotubes and the luminescence of ZnO nanopillar array have also been mearsured.

完善和发展了阳极腐蚀法制备多孔氧化铝膜的方法，制备出了孔径在20-150nm之间可调和具有不同孔结构（如Y形、树枝状、锯齿状）的系列多孔氧化铝模板，在此基础上，利用电化学沉积、气相催化生长和化学控制腐蚀等方法，成功地生长出具有可调直径的碳纳米管和氧化物纳米柱有序阵列、Al2O3-AlN异质结纳米线、Y形和树枝状的金属纳米线以及Y形、藕节形和锯齿形的碳纳米管等多种一维结纳米材料及其阵列体系，探索了基于模板孔壁内沿生长一维结纳米材料的机制，较系统的研究了碳纳米管阵列的场发射性能和氧化锌纳米柱的发光性能，为低维纳米材料器件化提供了实验基础。

Two inorganic-organic hybrid materials,〓(C〓H〓O〓=isophthalate or terephthalate), have been assembled for the first time from the new type metal center Zn〓 and benzene dicarboxylate links.

首次以新型金属中心Zn〓分别和间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸配体合成了2个配位聚合物无机-有机杂化材料。

Two inorganic-organic hybrid materials, [Zn_8(SiO_4)(C_8H_4O_4)_6]_n (C_8H_4O+4 = isophthalate or terephthalate), have been assembled for the first time from the new type metal center Zn_8(Si0_4) and benzene dicarboxylate links.

首次以新型金属中心Zn_8(SiO_4)分别和间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸配体合成了2个配位聚合物无机-有机杂化材料。

The electrochemical oscillations often are observed in the process of anodic electrodissolution of metal and alloy, in particular, in the transitional period of between activation and passivation.

金属和合金阳极电溶解过程中常常可以观察到电化学振荡现象，尤其是在活化与钝化的转变阶段。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。