金属化

Proved by experiments, the two antimonic composite oxides both had high electrochemical capacities.The reversible capacities of SbFeO 3 were 550 mAh/g and the reversible capacities of SbPbO 2.5 were 1 270 mAh/g. They were far more than carbon materials.

碳负极在有机电解质中易形成钝化膜，引起初始容量的不可逆损失，且碳材料的电极电位与金属锂相近，当电池过充电时，碳电极表面易析出金属锂，形成枝晶而引起短路[4] 。

The HEED, XRD, and XPS results confirmed the forming of intermetallic compounds between silver and rare earth. As far as silver and lanthanum be concerned, the format of intermetallic compound is AgLa.

由此，本文首次提出了稀土元素在稀土金属间化合物中的能量传递模型，认为稀土与银金属间化合物的4f能级位于费米能级附近下方，部分局域化且与导带部分耦合。4f能级与导带能级之间的电子跃迁是稀土元素在Ag-BaO薄膜中传递能量的方式，也是光电发射增强效应的来源，而4f电子的光吸收截面随入射光子能量的增加而增大的特点则是"蓝强"现象的原因。

And then the functionalized carbon nanotube, partial platinum salt and all transition metal M salt are stirred and reflow for certain time, added with rest platinum salt to continue to reflow, cooled, washed centrifugally, dried and carried out heating treatment in a hydrogen atmosphere, thus obtaining the anchoring platinum catalyst of the transition metal on the carbon nanotube.

然后将功能化的碳纳米管与部分铂盐和全部过渡金属M盐在多元醇溶剂中搅拌回流一定时间后，加入剩余的铂盐继续回流，冷却，离心洗涤，烘干，最后在氢气气氛中热处理，得到碳纳米管上过渡金属锚定铂催化剂。

As well as activity was exhibited. Theaddition of cinchonidine led to a remarkable increase in the reaction rate, as confirmed bythe IR study that the modifier activates the carbonyl groups of the reactant through itsquinuclidine nitrogen. On the contrary,〓 exerted a strong inhibition effect on theenantioselective hydrogenation. Chapter 3 Finely dispersed polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized iridium andbimetallic clusters were prepared by the alcohol-water reduction method.

第三章 采用醇水还原的方法制备了聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮稳定的铱纳米簇及双金属纳米簇，对丙酮酸甲酯的催化氢化表明，在铱金属簇催化体系中，辛可尼定不仅诱导了一定的对映选择性，同时对反应活性有明显的促进作用，平均反应速率可提高2-6倍。

The sulphur atom in the intermediate has sp2 hybridization, and the remaining p orbital is symmetrical to the d orbital of the metal center. Thus, the lone pair on the p orbital can have interaction with the d orbital to form a π bond, which leads to the coplanarity of the center of Cp ring, Ru, P, S and Si atoms, rather than the deviation of P, S and Si atoms from the plane.

该中间体中，硫原子采取sp2杂化，硫原子剩余的一个p轨道与金属中心上的d轨道具有相同的对称性，因而该p轨道上的孤电子对可与金属中心上的d轨道形成π键，导致Cp环中心， Ru， S1， P和Si原子在同一平面内，而不是S1， P和Si原子偏离该平面。

High volume fraction interface begins to form on the surface by surface nanocrystalline treatment, supplying ideal entryway for the diffuseness of chemical elements, and can markedly lower the temperature and time of chemical treatment and enhance infiltration concentration and deepness.

金属表面自身纳米化处理可以在各种金属材料的表面获得纳米晶组织，而且纳米结构层与基体之间没有明显的界面，在使用过程中不会因为外界条件的变化而发生剥层和分离，能够明显地提高材料的表面和整体性能。

The result indicates that copper plays an important role in catalyzing the O_2~- dismutation, zinc not only stabilizes the whole structure but also promotes organization of the active site structure.

结果表明，金属铜对于催化歧化超氧阴离子O_2~-具有至关重要的作用，而金属锌起到稳定结构和促成构建活性中心的作用。

Within this context, four specific areas are addressed:(1) By means of finite integration technique, a new kind of the first order partial difference equation is derived from the original disperse transmission line equation of the uniform waveguide's. As it is the kind of one dimension Dirichlet's boundary problem, it is convenient for us to solve this equation from the leapfrog scheme. Because computation is carried out in one dimension, both high calculation efficiency and precision have been obtained in this method. Meanwhile, this method provide us a different selection to simulate the transient response of waveguide with non-simplical, for examples cylinder and elliptic waveguide, and avoid solving the second order equation, or using finite difference time domain to simulate a three dimension problem, sometimes the latter precision is not satisfied with the need, or low efficiency.

在这一研究内容下，主要研究四个方面的问题：(1)在完成金属波导传输线方程时域形式的基础之上，应用有限积分技术，把波导特征模式的色散传输线方程，化简为一组新的一阶偏微分方程组，该边值问题属一维Dirichlet边值问题，从而便于用蛙跳格式求解，由于是在一维中计算，该方法具有很高计算效率和精度，从而避免了以往为得到金属波导中特征模的时域响应特性，须要求解二阶方程，或用时域有限差分方法求解三维问题的方法，对于后者来说，计算有时是不准确的，或是很耗时的例如计算诸如圆波导、椭圆波导等其它复杂形状的波导。

Nevertheless, due to the increase of the surface area and activity, the possibility of hydrogenolysis also increases so that more chloroform are generated with the use of nano-scale particles than with the micro-scale particles.

然而由於尺寸缩小，反应活性亦加大，奈米锡在水中对氢离子的竞争性提升，因此加强了氢解反应的发生机率，造成奈米化金属系统三氯甲烷的产率较粉末状金属系统高出许多。

He hypothesis has been proved by SEM and TEM. The characterization of TPR and XPS showed that there had reduction process of oxide species before crystallization, and the reduced species and metalloid content increased generally on the surface of catalysts.

PR和XPS表征证实在负载型非晶态合金Ni-P/TiO〓的晶化温度前，有金属氧化物种的还原过程，还原后，催化剂表面的还原态物种增多，类金属相对含量普遍增加。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。