量热

This paper puts forward a kind of non-ablative wireless stem flow sensor on ZigBee, which heats up the stalk by the enwrapped calefaction probe and decides the heat transfer quantity of stem flow by the value of the temperature probe to calculate the plant transpiration rate.

蒸腾量是反映植物生理信息最重要的因素之一，本文通过包裹式的加热探头给茎杆加热，由温度测量探头来确定茎流的热传输量以推算出植物的蒸腾量，提出了一种基于ZigBee技术的非侵入式无线茎流传感器。

A prediction model has been proposed to deal with threshold voltage shift as a function of 1MeV neutron flux and gate oxide thickness, and to deal with room-temperature annealing of threshold voltage shift induced-by 〓Coγ as a function of electric field and gate oxide thickness. The commonness and individuality of MOS device degradation between hot-carrier effect and ionizing radiation were investigated. The dependence of substrate current, gate current and threshold voltage shift due to hot-carrier on gate oxide thickness were simulated with MEDICI-2D simulator. The photocurrents of PN junction and bipolar transistor were studied. Their transient responses on varied bias voltages, pulse durations and absorbed doses were simulated. The influences of NPN base width on base and collector photocurrents were investigated. We also studied 1MeV neutron displacement damage in PN junction, and calculated reverse current leakage under the neutron flux of 2. 67×10〓 per square centimeter. 3 The study of nondestructive screening method for MOS radiation tolerance A theoretical and experimental study of nondestructive screening methods for radiation tolerance of nMOS and pMOS were firstly fulfilled. We determined the informative parameters pertinent to the method and proposed how to deal with experimental data and verify obtained results statistically, as well as make the required steps for nondestructive screening. Based on the experimental data of 180 samples of discrete pMOS devices, the relation between sample quantity and correlation coefficient, screening equation, and other significant results were obtained from the threshold voltage shifts of pre-and post-irradiation samples.

二、分立器件电离和位移辐射损伤响应研究在国内首次开展了电离辐射引起的氧化层阈值电压漂移和退火理论研究，编程计算了1MeV中子引起的MOS器件阈值电压漂移与中子通量及栅氧厚度的关系，计算了〓Coγ光子引起的阈值电压漂移及退火的时效曲线与纵向电场和栅氧厚度的关系等，对评估MOS型集成电路电离损伤和加固方法研究，以及论文中开展的MOSFETs无损筛选方法研究奠定了基础；分析了MOS器件热载流子损伤效应与辐射电离损伤效应之间的异同性，利用二维模拟软件MEDICI-2D模拟了衬底电流和栅电流，在不同栅氧厚度下随栅压的变化曲线，计算了热载流子效应造成的阈值电压漂移，研究结果对当前存在的以热载流子效应研究取代电离辐射损伤实验研究的设想，具有重要的参考价值；开展了PN结和双极晶体管电离光电流研究，计算了不同偏压、不同辐射脉宽和不同吸收剂量下PN结光电流的瞬时响应，计算了不同辐射脉宽下NPN晶体管基极电流和收集极电流的瞬时响应，以及基区宽度对NPN晶体管光电流的影响，研究结果对双极器件抗电离辐射损伤响应及加固方法研究具有重要意义；在国内首次开展了器件位移损伤的理论研究，分析了辐射产生的缺陷对电性能的影响，计算了注量为2.67×10〓cm〓的1MeV中子产生的缺陷对PN结反向电流的影响。

Results show that with the increase of the apparent gas velocity in the riser,there is little change in negative pressure gradient in the standpipe.

结果表明：随着提升管内表观气速的增加，立管内的负压差梯度变化不大；而随着系统循环量的增加，立管内的负压差梯度以及滑移速度均增大；随着加入热解室内松动气量的增加，立管内尤其是立管上部的压力也随之增大，热解室内无论是移动床流动还是流态化流动均对立管的稳定性影响不大；但当热解室内的压力超过某一值时，立管内的料封很快被破坏，导致系统无法运行。

In this study, the highest thermal conductivity of W/m K was attained when the unpurified MWNTs loadings reaches 4.0 wt %, which is over 10 times higher than the thermal conductivity of PMMA.

本研究对奈米复合材料的热传导系数进行研究，结果显示添加4.0 wt%未纯化的多壁奈米碳管对於复合材料热导性质的提升量最高，可达到基材热导系数的十倍以上。

When the antimony tri amount reaches 1.5 shares, it will show the optimal stabilizing effect. It also has synergistic effect with calcium stearate and barium mercaptide, when it was mixed with barium mecaptide with 3:1 ratio, the long-term stability of PVC could be raised remarkably.

热老化研究表明，当合成产物添加量达1.5份（PVC质量为100份）时，PVC树脂的热稳定时间为18 min（200℃），当其与硫醇钡以质量比3：1复配时，可显著提高PVC制品的长期热稳定性。

The effect of the feed seawater temperature, the heating steam temperature of NO.1 evaporator, the concentration ration, the steam extraction, the quantity and location of preheat flow, the form of TVC on performance of a distiller is discussed. Not only serial flow and parallel flow, but also system with and without TVC was compared.

利用求解结果，针对进口海水温度、第一效加热蒸汽温度、系统浓缩比、电厂抽汽参数、外界热源预热量以及预热位置、热压缩布置形式等参数对系统性能的影响进行了分析与比较，同时分别针对串联和并联流程、有热压缩和无热压缩的低温多效海水淡化系统方案进行分析。

By using the said model, the mass flow of flue gas and steam can be calculated on the basis of temperature and pressure concerning the working medium at inlet and outlet of the boiler's heating surface, and the variated amount of the heating surface's thermal resistance can be calculated without using structural parameters of the heating surface.

由于简单换热器模型能够根据锅炉受热面进、出口处工质的温度和压力，计算烟气和汽的质量流量；可以不使用受热面的结构参数，计算受热面导热热阻的变化量。所以，采用该模型开发电站锅炉吹灰优化控制系统，能够解决传统方式存在的流量计算精度低、污垢热阻计算不准确等问题。

The flow parameters, which controlled the heat transfer phenomena in the coolant channel of the piston, are identified; the experimental facilities and program will be established in accordance with the parametric conditions experienced by a real marine diesel engine. The experimental result for the flow within smooth-walled duct under the reciprocating motion will be used as the reference datum to assess the results for the study of heat transfer augmentation. As an attempt to enhance the cooling performance, the ribs will be installed in the coolant channels which flow was orthogonal mode for the piston moving direction. Finally, the results obtained for the tests with heat transfer augmentation devices will be compared with the smooth-walled test results.

本研究计画利用座标转换理论，对受到与往复运动正交方向之流场进行参数分析，建立控制此流场热传性能之参数后，模拟实际船舶主机运转时活塞之冷却情形并进行实验量测，作为评估活塞冷却之基准，然后应用现行已实用於工业界的技术，在与往复运动正交方向之圆形冷却通道中加装凸起物以增加热传效能并予以测量其热传系数及其相关之物理现象，据以讨论此流场受往复力之影响，在周向不同位置之热传情形以及其与平行於往复运动方向之流场的差异。

The differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis exhibited that the transition temperature and the temperature at which 5% mass loss occurred of PI-19 were 256 ℃ and 380 ℃, respectively.

示差扫描量热和热失重分析结果显示，PI-19的玻璃化转变温度为256 ℃，在5%的热失重温度为380 ℃，表明具有非常好的热稳定性。

FRs can strongly suppress the elimination of HCl, raise the on-set temperature of decomposition of PVC, promote the crosslinking during decomposition, reduce the total output of aromatic compounds, increase the gel of condensed phase and char residue, the char residue is loosened. The configuration of FRs has no changed.

这类阻燃抑烟剂能抑制PVC热分解脱HCl反应，提高HCl释放的起始温度，在热分解过程中促进分子间形成交联键，使裂解气相产物中芳烃化合物含量减少，凝聚相凝胶含量增大，残炭量提高，残炭物结构呈松散状态，阻燃抑烟剂在热分解过程中化学结构保持不变。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。