量子态

The quantum amplitude amplification is the generalization of quantum Grover search algorithm. In this strategy, the Grover iteration has been replaced by two different quantum amplitude amplification operations. This makes it possible to collapse the system with probability 1, in other words, with certainty. The measurement operation in this scheme is only used to cancel the phase factor. Finally, one can use the admissible control to drive the system from the eigenstate to the target state and the control task is accomplished.

量子幅值放大是Grover迭代思想的一般化，该控制方案中采用两种不同的量子幅值放大操作替换了Grover迭代，使得期望本征态的概率幅的模在经过一定次数的迭代之后精确的等于1，然后借助于测量来消除相位因子，使系统的波函数确定性的塌缩到期望的本征态，最后再借助幺正演化，将系统从本征态控制到目标态，实现期望的控制任务。

It is found that the confiner the electric field, the sharper the peak width. The different confined states correspond to the different oscillation modes, which can be well described by the resonant tunneling effect used in the semiconductor quantum well structures.

B：非完全约束光子量子阱结构的束缚态出现在阱光子晶体的禁带区域，并且不同束缚态对应不同的光子量子阱能级，不同的量子阱能级有不同程度的光场约束，光场约束在阱光子晶体中的越多，对应的透射极大的半峰宽越小。

The four Bell states play a more and more important role in quantum information. It is necessary to study the emission spectrum from cavity-bound atoms in Bell states.

在量子信息的处理和传输，两粒子Bell态在量子通信和量子计算中占有极其重要的地位，因而我们有必要对腔束缚纠缠态原子的辐射谱特性的进行研究。

Based on the Hamiltonian of the interaction system, which includes the interaction between two two-level atoms and a single mode vacuum field, the state vector and the density matrix of the system, and the reduced-density matrices of the subsystems are obtained by solving its Schrodinger equation, and the basic model of this problem is established.

从两个二能级原子与单模真空场相互作用系统的哈密顿量出发，通过解Schrodinger方程，得到了系统的态矢、密度矩阵和子系统的约化密度矩阵，建立了本文的工作模型。第二章介绍了量子熵与量子纠缠的发展史，解释了量子熵与量子纠缠的关系，阐述了量子熵与量子纠缠的基本理论。第三章研究了两个二能级原子与单模真空场相互作用系统中的量子纠缠。

In the past 3 years, we have made the following progress:（1）we devised some theoretical schemes performing quantum information processes in encoded subspaces under the condition of general interaction models;（2）considering some practical physical systems,we provided some more efficient schemes performing quantum information processes under actual physical conditions;（3）we studied the stability of the entanglement in 2-qubit system under several decoherent environments;（4）we studied the optimal successful probability of some kinds of nondistortion quantum interrogations in quantum subspaces;（5）we also investigated some fundamental questions in quantum information fields such as quantum channel,quantum teleportation etc.

近三年来，我们在以下方面取得进展：（1）研究了在一般的相互作用下，直接在子空间中实施各种量子信息过程的理论方案；（2）针对于当前的某些实际的物理系统，研究了在现有的实验条件之下，如何高效地实施各种量子信息过程的方法；（3）研究了2-qubit量子系统的纠缠在各种消相干环境下的稳定性问题；（4）研究了量子子空间实施无损伤的量子质询的最佳效率；（5）我们也研究了量子信道、量子隐形传态等量子信息的基础问题。

In our study, multiple temperature-independent points and accompanying oscillations are observed in the longitudinal resistivity between the low-field insulator and the quantum Hall liquid. The amplitudes of these oscillations can be well described by conventional Shubnikov-de Haas theory, and our experimental results therefore support the existence of an intermediate metallic regime between the low-field insulator and quantum Hall liquid.

在此研究中，我们发现在低场的绝缘态与高场的量子霍耳态之间，纵向电阻率有多个不随温度变化的交点，而此交点所在的位置与其所伴随振荡的振幅可以利用Shubnikov-de Haas 理论解释，因此由我们的实验结果可以看出，在低场绝缘态与高场量子霍耳液体态之间，的确存在一个过渡的金属态。

The eigenstate controllability is presented and a control algorithm based on Grover iteration and quantum measurement is designed for eigenstate controllable system. The process of this algorithm is as follows.

2首次提出了本征态能控性的概念，并借鉴量子Grover搜索算法的主要思想，创造性的利用量子测量自身的特点，给出了一种适用于本征态能控系统的量子控制策略。

Secondly , we propose a scheme for probabilistically teleporting an unknown three-particle entangled state of three-level by means of a four-particle entangled state of three-level as quantum channel.

本节首先阐述量子信道是最大纠缠态的情况，然后进一步阐述量子信道是非最大纠缠态的情况，我们发现在后者情况时，通过引进一个辅助粒子，并实施一幺正变换，即可以一定的几率完成三个三态粒子的纠缠态的隐形传态。

As we know, if one mode of the electromagnetic field is prepared in a squeezed state, the quantum fluctuation of one of its quadrature components can be lower than that of the corresponding part in a coherent state and that of the other is higher, and we can tune the signal-to-noise ratios of its quadrature components: one of the quadratures can be used to absorb the quantum-mechanical noise, while the other one serves to transmit an extremely well-defined signal.

由于压缩态中光场某一分量的量子涨落可以小于相干态中的量子涨落，即可以小于量子涨落的最小值，因此可以用来改变信号传递的信噪比，从而在低噪声通讯、弱信号探测、高精密测量等方面具有重要的应用前景。

However , on the other hand, quantum information processing and quantum computing need stable coherent superposed state, then decoherence is a difficulty of realizing them, it is, therefore, an important issue to find methods for slowing down decoherence in order to stabilize the coherent superpositions in the field of quantum study.

然而，另一方面，量子信息与量子计算需要稳定的相干叠加态，而退相干是实现它们的障碍，因此，为了获得稳定的相干叠加态，寻找减小退相干的方法成为量子研究领域的重要议题。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。