量子化

Moreover, it was successfully linked with lactobionic acid through amine groups on the surface of particles, and used to recognize living liver cells successfully.(3) In order to simplify the proceeding of preparation of silica-coated qdots, a novel one-pot method using 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane as a capping molecule was proposed for the first time. Furthermore, amine and phosphonate groups were also modified on the surface of silica-coated qdots simultaneously. This was the first time the synthesis and the surface modification of qdots were performed in the same system.

3在前一部分工作的基础上，进一步简化量子点的合成与包壳步骤，以MPS为稳定剂，制备了硅壳包被的CdTe量子点，并在硅壳外同步修饰氨基及磷酸基团，首次成功实现了量子点的合成与表面的功能化修饰在同一体系中进行，从而制得了水溶性的、表面带有氨基和磷酸基团的硅壳型CdTe量子点。

Another approach in enhancing the light extraction efficiency of AlGaInP LED was accomplished using a surface roughening process. In this process, the Au(170 nm)/AuBe(260 nm)/Au(170 nm) ohmic contact layers were first deposited on the GaP window layer. After the alloy annealing process (480°C for 10 min), the Be atoms will diffuse into the GaP top layer and form non-uniform clusters. The LED samples were then immersed into a mixture 3H3PO4:1H2O2:1H2O solution for 6 min, resulting in a rough GaP surface. The luminous intensity of the AlGaInP LED can increase from 42 to 50 mcd, that is, an 18% enhancement can be achieved via the present non-photolithography surface roughening process.Keywords: LED, AlGaInP, Cu substrate, Reflector, Surface roughening

在实验的第二部份是开发磷化镓窗口层之粗化制程，我们是藉由正面金/铍欧姆接触电极之熔合制程，使铍扩散至磷化镓层，同时利用铍渗入磷化镓造成之特殊组成，可形成不均匀之蚀刻阻挡，而在磷化镓表面形成粗化，我们发现480℃、10分钟的熔合制程，加上浸泡磷化镓蚀刻溶液6分钟，可将四元发光二极体之发光亮度由42 mcd 提升到50 mcd，经由此无光罩粗化制程可将亮度提升18%，明显提升磷化铝铟镓发光二极体之外部量子效率。

The apparent quantum yield and carboxylation efficiency of 1 year needle were higher than that of 2 year needle's.

所有家系的1龄针叶、2龄针叶的表观光量子效率、羧化效率均高于普通品种，1龄针叶的表观光量子效率、羧化效率要高于2龄针叶的。

Two closest single-qubit states could be diagonalized by the same unitary matrix, which helps find the relative entropy of entanglement of a two-qubit \lq\lq X\rq\rq ~ state.

两个相隔最近的单比特量子态可以被同一个酉矩阵对角化，这一结论在文章中被严格证明。这一结论对求"X"型两比特量子态的相对熵纠缠很有帮助。

The influence of the electric field on the properties of the bound magnetopolaron in an infinite-depth GaAs semiconductor quantum well is investigated using the linear-combination operator and the unitary transformation method. The relationships between the polaron's ground state energy and the Coulomb bound potential, electric field, magnetic field, and well-width are derived and discussed.

研究了在外加电场作用下无限深GaAs半导体量子阱中束缚磁极化子的性质，采用线性组合算符及幺正变换方法导出了量子阱中弱耦合束缚磁极化子的基态能量与阱宽、电场强度、磁感应强度、库仑束缚势的变化关系，同时讨论了振动频率和库仑束缚势、外场之间的变化关系。

Based on the Hamiltonian of the interaction system, which includes the interaction between two two-level atoms and a single mode vacuum field, the state vector and the density matrix of the system, and the reduced-density matrices of the subsystems are obtained by solving its Schrodinger equation, and the basic model of this problem is established.

从两个二能级原子与单模真空场相互作用系统的哈密顿量出发，通过解Schrodinger方程，得到了系统的态矢、密度矩阵和子系统的约化密度矩阵，建立了本文的工作模型。第二章介绍了量子熵与量子纠缠的发展史，解释了量子熵与量子纠缠的关系，阐述了量子熵与量子纠缠的基本理论。第三章研究了两个二能级原子与单模真空场相互作用系统中的量子纠缠。

The story of the quantum revolution has been told so many times that it has become as ritualized as the stations of the cross. How Max Planck, faced with some curious observations about hot glowing objects, reluctantly proposed that light is sputtered out in packets — the quanta. How Albert Einstein , seeing deeper, realized that light must also travel that way, that its waves were also particles. How Bohr brought the graininess into the atom, with electrons hopping between orbits in quantum jumps. How Heisenberg, marooning himself on the bleak isle of Helgoland, saw that there were no orbits, that what happened inside atoms was different from anything that could be pictured by a human brain.

量子革命的故事已讲述过很多遍，就象讲述耶稣受难经过的画像一样已经仪式化，诸如：马克斯·普朗克面对炽热物体一些不寻常的观测数据，如何艰难地提出辐射是一单元一单元地射出的，这种最小的单元即能量子；爱因斯坦观察得更深刻一些，如何意识到光线也是这样运行的，光波也是粒子；玻尔如何利用量子跃迁过程中电子在轨道之间来回跳跃，来揭示原子的多微粒结构；海森堡自我流放到阴冷的赫尔戈兰岛上，如何观察到原子内部并没有轨道，其内部所发生的情况不同于人脑可想象出的任何情况。

Further theoretical analysis demonstrated the lateral effective width of crescent-shaped quantum wires was 6nm within the regime of quantum size. With two-dimensional separated-confinement-heterostructures, the multi-quantum-wire laser arrays operated in pulsed condition (1kHz/1μs) at room temperature, and their pulse light outpower reached more than 115mW, which is the best among all quantum wire lasers reported previously.

这种多量子线激光器列阵具有二维分别限制的异质结构，并在室温脉冲（重复频率1kHz，脉宽1μs）下产生激射，光脉冲线性输出功率可达115mW以上，这是目前国际上各类量子线激光器的最好水平；子带间能隙最大为27meV，与室温下热离化能相当，优于目前国际上报道的同类量子线激光器的最好水平。

With the precondition of not importing magnetic charge, we gave rules of magnetic flux quantization, and the relations between magnetic flux quantization, Principle Quantum Number , Angular Quantum Number , Magnetic Quantum Number and Spin Quantum Number were built.

在不引入磁荷的前提下，给出了磁通量子化规则，建立了磁通量子化与主量子数、角量子数、磁量子数和自旋量子数的联系。

Uniform, highly stable and well-dispersed hydrophilic CdSe-AET (2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride) quantum dots are synthesized by changing hydrophobic TOPO to hydrophilic AET.

本实验使用高温裂解法合成出疏水相硒化镉量子点后经过官能基转换方式，将疏水性的硒化镉在安全且简单的反应条件下得到大小均匀、稳定性高、分散性佳的水相硒化镉-半胱胺盐酸盐量子点。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。