量刑

This text probes into the abettor's nature, conception, constitutive requirements and the principle of punishment with unique visual angle .

本文以独特的视角对教唆犯的性质、概念、成立要件以及定罪量刑进行探索性设想，希翼对教唆犯罪有进一步认识。

Coherency incriminal law may happen between crime and crime,circumstance andcircumstance,noncriminal action and noncriminal action,crime and circumstance,noncriminal action and crime.

刑法中的竞合可以发生在犯罪之间、量刑情节之间、非罪行为之间、犯罪与量刑情节之间以及非罪行为与犯罪之间。

Convicting and sentencing are the most important problems in the criminal law.

对犯罪适用刑法的中心问题，是定罪量刑问题。如何最大限度地提高定罪量刑的科学成分量，即&含科量&，乃是实现司法公正的一大关键。

We should analyze this kind of situation upwards in four aspects: Firstly, if the actions which the non-national official accepts the bribe, are the main factors or playing a dominant role in the process, it would be regarded as common crime. Secondly, whether the family members of national official can constitute the main body of common bribery crime or not, it should be analyzed according to the characteristic and situation of bribery. Thirdly, when national official and company staff accepts bribery together by one"s duty, he should be criminated as the crime quality of the person who commits a crime by his duty. When the national official accepts the bribery by his duty or by his duty and other"s duty together, he should be criminated as bribery crime. But for the company staff, he should be criminated as the bribery crime of non-national official. Fourthly, when the national official asks the briber to send property to the third person, he would be criminated as bribery crime. And it will be analyzed concretely whether the third person is the common bribery crime or not. But the national official who tells the non-national official to ask and accept property should be the common bribery crime.

对非国家工作人员构成共同受贿犯罪的情况从四个方面进行分析：一、非国家工作人员实施收受贿赂的行为如起到支配和控制作用，则构成共同实行犯；二、对国家工作人员家属是否构成共同受贿的主体，应当根据其参与受贿的特点和情形进行分析；三、国家工作人员和公司企业人员利用一方职务共同受贿，应以利用职务便利实施的行为人的犯罪性质定罪，分别利用各自职务和既利用各自职务又利用对方职务共同受贿宜分别定罪，国家工作人员以受贿罪定罪量刑，公司企业人员以非国家工作人员受贿罪定罪量刑；四、国家工作人员指使行贿人将财物送给第三者，国家工作人员的行为应以受贿罪论处，第三者是否成立受贿罪的共犯应当具体情况具体分析，国家工作人员唆使非国家工作人员索取、收受财物的行为应当认定为受贿罪的共同实行犯。

The fifth part is to discourse upon other important factors which may affect penalty measurement justness and balance, including criminal law, criminal policies, judiciaries, social lawful consciousness and other aspects, which may settle down a stable foundation for establishing scientific penalty measurement system.

第五部分论述了其他影响量刑公正与平衡的重要因素，包括刑事法律、刑事政策、法官和社会法律意识等方面，为建立科学量刑机制奠定基础。

These factors are closely connected with the sentencing circumstances, with identical nature and functions.

这里的影响因素与量刑情节有着密切的联系，影响因素的本质与功能也都与量刑情节是一样的。

School of criminal allusion thinks that inflicted a punishment on a criminal must be consult the action of criminal, so they emphasized the dangerous act is very important in sentencing. But school of criminal anthropology and school of criminal sociology stressed the criminal personality, they emphasized that the criminal personality is important in sentencing.

刑事古典学派认为惩罚犯罪就是惩罚犯罪行为，所以提出在量刑中主要考虑的是社会危害性的大小；而刑事人类学派和刑事社会学派注重对犯罪分子个体的研究，从犯罪个体中去研究惩罚的力度，在量刑的时候着重考察犯罪分子的人身危险性的大小。

School of criminal allusion thinks that inflicted a punishment on a criminal must be consult the action of criminal.so they empbasized the dangerous act is very important in sentencing.But school of criminal anthropology and school of criminal sociology stressed the criminal personality.they emphasized that the criminal personality is important in sentencing.

刑事古典学派认为惩罚犯罪就是惩罚犯罪行为，所以提出在量刑中主要考虑的是社会危害性的大小；而刑事人类学派和刑事社会学派注重对犯罪分子个体的研究，从犯罪个体中去研究惩罚的力度，在量刑的时候着重考察犯罪分子的人身危险性的大小。

When it comes to sentencing, we must understand that judiciary sovereign means the judge should only take on board prevailing legislation, preceding law cases, the legal circumstance and implication of the concerned case and victimised party alone, rather than making any reference or concession to the media pressure or community concern.

至於量刑方面，司法独立是表明法官只受过去案例及法律条文规定，按照他对案件的理解，以及所犯案件带来的影响，及对受害者的伤害而决定，而非受舆论压力所支配。因此认为法官会因为社区的关注而作出不同量刑决定是对司法制度的不了解。

With the balance of sentence discretion being an essential component of criminal judgments, the unbalances of sentencing discretion has naturally become a commonly-concerned issue.

中文摘要：量刑作为刑事审判活动的重要组成部分，量刑不平衡问题也就成一个普遍性问题。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。