野生植物

In recent years, the wild resources of the"Da-Huang" have decreased annually due to over exploiting, arising two problems:(1) how to identify the"official"and"unofficial"Da-Huang in the market when more and more adulterant species counterfeited"Da-Huang", and (2) how to extend the medicinal sources in the genus based on the systematic relationship.

大黄的野生资源逐年剧减，大量非药用大黄植物混入正品大黄中，由此产生了两个急需解决的重要问题：（1）如何利用有效的方法区分正品与非正品大黄；（2）如何利用植物亲缘学原理寻找新的药材植物种类来源。

From the point of view of geobotany, with the method of correlative factors of growth of plants, a countrywide theoretic ecological division was done for the introduction of Camptotheca acuminata and three kinds of areas of ecological preferent zone, ecological adaptive zone and ecological unadaptable zone were divided. With the theory of synecology, the characteristic on environment, constitution, life form spectrum, diversity, similarity of plots of communities were researched. Applying the method of species association, discrete distribution, indensity index, fractal geometry, etc. to research relations between the species of the communities, space distribution of Camptotheca acuminata, structure of age of Camptotheca acuminata, in different communities. Using the theories of autoecology, distibutons of seeds on land and growth of seedlings in vertical and horizontal directions, biomass of organ of Camptotheca acuminata were analyzed. On the opinions of conservation biology, the external and internal factors impressing Camptotheca acuminata were analyzed to research the mechanism of the endangered species, and with using of CTM Model, the future development direction of Camptotheca acuminata in different communities were forecasted, and. Standing on the position of resources ecology, discussing the regularity of camptothein in Camptotheca acuminata of different sites and seeding of different resources, also the the derive technics of camptothecin.

本文从地植物学的角度，运用植物生长相关因子法，对我国喜树资源的生态适宜区进行了划分，理论上确定了我国的喜树的引种栽培的最适生活区域、生态适宜区域和不适宜生活区域；从群落生态学的角度，对野生喜树所在的典型群落的群落环境、群落组成、群落生活型谱、群落的物种多样性特点、群落样地间相似性进行了研究；从种群生态学的角度，运用种间联结性、离散分布模型、聚集强度指数、分析几何等分析手段，对野生喜树所在典型群落间的种间关系、喜树的空间分布格局、年龄结构等进行了分析；从个体生态学的角度，对不同年龄组的喜树的种子的散落的垂直分布、水平分布、时间分布及种子发芽率和千里重等特点、不同种源的人工喜树苗期特点、喜树的高生长和茎生长特点、喜树的器官生物量特点进行了研究；从保护生物学的角度，对野生喜树的濒危的内部因素和外部因素进行了探讨，并运用CTM模型对不同群落中野生喜树的种群趋势进行了预测；从资源生态学的角度，对我国地理环境下喜树中喜树碱含量的地理分布规律、不同种源的喜树幼苗中喜树碱含量变化规律进行了研究，并对喜树碱的提取工艺进行了探讨。

We highlight our results as follows:(1) the proportion of wild seed plants found on the Red List to total seed plant species was lower in China than in Japan, but the degree of threat for gymnosperms was higher in China than in Japan;(2) several hydrophyte families were not listed on the Red List of China, but have been severely threatened in Japan;(3) the number of cosmopolitan genera endangered in China was fewer than in Japan; and (4) among species threatened in both China and Japan, there was a large proportion of common species, sister species, and closely related species.

研究发现：(1)中国红色名录中濒危植物的种类占其所有野生种子植物的比例显著低于日本，但裸子植物的濒危程度却极其显著地高于日本；(2)部分水生植物科未列入中国红色名录，但在日本已受到严重威胁；(3)中国红色名录中出现的世界分布属显著少于日本；(4)两国濒危植物中有大量共有种、姊妹种或近缘种。

The status quo, biologic characteristic and variation of Chinese wild rose wereinvestigated and studied at the level of morphology, physiology, phytochemistry, Palynology and molecularbiology.

本研究在对我国野生玫瑰种质资源进行全面调查的基础上，从形态学、生理学、植物化学、孢粉学及分子生物学5个层面，系统地研究了我国野生玫瑰当前的资源状况，弄清了野生玫瑰基本的生物学特性及其变异，并利用AFLP分子标记技术对部分玫瑰野生种质资源和品种资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行了分析。

In Saintpaulia ionantha, actinomorphic peloria was raised in domesticated cultivation from the zygomorphic wild type.

然而，苦苣苔科的野生型园艺植物非洲堇(Saintpaulia ionantha， African violet)原本野生型的花是两侧对称，但在人择栽培后有反转为辐射对称的变异型出现，这给予我绝佳机会探讨在同一种植物中花部对称性转换的分子机制。

The main duty and task have three points:①introduce 、 ingather 、 collect 、 conserve wildness plant 、 local plant 、 breeding resource and genetic material ;②manage seeds resource review 、 introduce 、 exchange 、 inspect 、 propagate 、 update 、 dispense 、 identify 、 appraise 、 utilize 、 finger mark and DNA sequence data ;③The center can supply to decision-making department with information about crop protection and research, to science research and agricultural production with information about resource and to social public with information about protecting biology diversity.

中心内设寒带植物基因资源保存中心、研究与评价中心、黑龙江寒地活体野生资源圃、功能基因库等。其主要职责任务是：①引进、收集、采集、保存植物的野生、地方品种、选育的种质资源和遗传材料；②管理种质考察、引种、交换、监测、繁种、更新、分发、鉴定、评价和利用、指纹图谱和 DNA 序列数据等；③为决策部门提供作物资源保护和研究的信息，为科学研究和农业生产提供优良种质和信息，向社会公众提供保护生物多样性的科普信息。

The protoplast fusion between wild plant species L.fendleri of the genus Lesquerella and B.napus was studied in order to transfer the industrial oil gene in L.fendleri into B.napus.

为了把野生优质工业用油植物基因导入到普通栽培油菜品种中，本文报道了野生优质工业用油植物L 。 fendleri的原生质体培养及其原生质体与普通栽培油菜品种原生质体融合。

The article reviewed the achievements of resources investigation on wild orchidaceae in the recent years,introduced research status of resources inverstigation on wild orchids,and analyzed the main problems existing in the wild orchidaceae resources investigation.

现综述近年来国内在兰科植物野生资源调查方面的研究成果，介绍了国内在野生兰科花卉资源调查方面的研究现状，分析了国内在野生兰科花卉资源调查方面存在的主要问题并提出了相关建议。

In 1876, Russian explorers first discovered, caught and killed the wild two-humped camels in Liushiyanquan at the southern foot of Kumutage Mountains in the north of the Luobupo area in China. The camel specimens made by Russian explorers created a sensation throughout the international community. From this time on, the wild camels were well known throughout the world.

2001年4月11日，中国野生**驼科学考察队和中央电视台记者深入罗布泊湖南岸的库姆塔格沙漠寻找野生**驼，不仅使人类首次近距离地拍摄到了野生**驼，还使100多年以来野生**驼的生存之谜终于被揭开了：&野骆驼腿长、驼峰小、鼻骨发达、下嘴唇长，它们能喝很浓的苦咸水，爱吃盐生植物胡杨、红柳等。&

One hundred and thirty four families, 578 genera and 1197 species are recorded in this area. According to the information of historical geology and natural conditions, the composition of seed plant flora and the areal-types of genera were analyzed. The results showed that its origin was rather ancient and its geographical compositions were complicated. There were many species of rare and endangered plants, e.g. Taxus chinensis var. mairei, Bretschneidera sinensis, Emmenopterys henryi, Fokienia hodginsii, Torreya grandis, Phoebe bournei, Ormosia henryi, and so on. Most of these plants had high value in economics and scientific research. According to statistics and analysis of genera in the present flora, 578 genera were divided into 14 areal-types. The ratio of tropical and temperate genera was respectively 48.6% and 49.2%, so its flora was characterized by transitional floristic elements, and in wide connection with the world.

该地区植物种类丰富，共有野生种子植物134科、578属、1197种；根据地史资料和自然条件，通过对种子植物种类的组成和分布区类型的分析，认为该区系起源古老，区系成分复杂；珍稀特有植物多，如南方红豆杉、钟萼木、香果树、福建柏、榧树、闽楠、花榈木等大量古老树种，并且绝大多数具有重要的经济价值和科研价值；区内578属可分为14个类型，热带和温带分布的属分别占48.6%和49.2%，具较明显的南北过渡的现象，与世界各地有广泛的联系。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。