重要地位

However, at Yuan dynasty and earlier Ming dynasty, Muslin distributed over all china and gather partly. Muslin who gather together in Nanjing and the station of special economy, politics and culture had brought up Zhangzhong (born at Suzhou, studing at Nanjing), Wangdaiyu, Liuzhi, Mazhu, Jintianzhu, etc, who are familiar with four religions and are scholar of Jingling school of thought of Chinese Islamism .They deeply thought of theirselves'nationality and their religion by highly sense of historical mission and sense of duty. They initiated"explaining Alcoran with Confusion"movement. The movement and it's practice essencely is the talk, interflow and mix between Islam civilization and Chinsese Confusion idea.

然而，元及明前期穆斯林的大分散与小集中、金陵城下穆斯林的大集中以及明清之际南京地区特殊的区域经济、政治、文化地位催生了张中(虽是苏州人，但是学在南京)、王岱舆、刘智、马注、金天柱等"四教兼通"的"中国伊斯兰教金陵学派"的学者，他们以高度的历史使命感和责任感，开始了对本民族及其所信仰宗教在我国存在与发展的深沉思考，并发起了"以儒诠经"运动，"以儒诠经"运动及其实践就其本质而言是伊斯兰文明和中国儒家文明历史上的一次重要对话、交流与融合。

On the other hand, equivariant algebraic topology concerns the study of algebraic invariants of space with group actions. It is really a study of symmetries on spaces, and has always occupied a central role in mathematics.

在另一方面，等变代数拓扑关注于带有群作用的拓扑空间代数不变量的研究，其更深刻的本质在于对空间对称性的揭示，因此从来都在数学研究中占有重要的地位。

Main work follows:(1) In the first part of this paper, a historical development of the number theory before Gauss is reviewed.Based on the systematic analysis of Gauss"s work in science and mathematics, inquiry into the mathematical background that Disquisitiones Arithmeticae appeals and Gauss"s congruent theory;(2) The development process of Fermat"s little theorem and its important function in the compositeness test is elaborated through original literature.we think that the first three section of Disquisitiones Arithmeticae is a summary and development for ancestors" work about Fermat"s little theorem,show that Fermat"s little theorem played an important role in the elementary number theory;(3) With the two main sources of the quadratic reciprocity law, investigating Fermat,Euler,Lagrange,Legendre, until the related work of Gauss,the way to realize the laws huge push to the development of algebraic number theory in 19 centuries.

本文主要做了以下工作：(1)首先回顾了高斯之前的数论研究状况，在系统分析高斯的科学与数学成就的基础上，探讨了《算术研究》出现的数学背景和高斯的同余理论；(2)通过对原始文献的系统解读，深入分析了费马小定理发现发展的历程以及在素性检验中的重要作用，指出《算术研究》前三节是高斯在总结并发展了前人对该定理研究的基础上形成的，并揭示了费马小定理在初等数论定理证明中的核心地位；(3)以二次互反律的两个主要来源为线索，详细考察了费马，欧拉，拉格朗目，勒让德，直到高斯的相关工作，揭示了该定律对十九世纪数论发展的巨大推动作用。

Cardano's Ars Magna is a landmark in the history of mathematics. It started the theoretical research on algebraic equations, solved the polynomial equations of third-degree and forth-degree in a general and systematical way, and studied the imaginary number as well as its operations for the first time.

卡尔达诺的《大术》在数学史上具有重要的地位，它开创了代数方程的理论研究，首次系统地给出了三、四次多项式方程的一般解法，并且最早讨论了虚数及其运算。

As one of the main products of chorine alkali industry, sodium hydroxide is of exceedingly significance.

烧碱作为氯碱工业的主要产品之一，更有着极其重要的地位。

Jiang Yang said that in recent years the face of energy, resources, the bulk of the extreme fluctuation in commodity prices, a growing number of companies and investment banks, hedge funds and other institutions to make use of futures market in the allocation of assets and management of risks, global commodity futures market structure and functions of profound changes in the futures market influence greatly enhanced, in the development of commodity futures market position than ever, the gradual deepening of market functions, and its economic stability in the promotion of healthy operation, to safeguard national energy security, food security , financial and economic security, such as the important role of all aspects of growing concern by the market and look forward to.

姜押嗯说，近年来，面对能源，资源，初级商品价格下滑，公司和投资银行，对冲基金及其他机构越来越多的剧烈波动，大部分要利用期货市场在资产风险管理和分配，全球商品期货市场结构和期货市场的深刻变化功能的影响大大增强，在商品期货市场中的地位比以往任何时候的发展，市场功能逐步深化，其经济稳定在推广的健康运行，维护，如对日益增长的市场关心的所有方面的重要作用，国家的能源安全，粮食安全，金融和经济安全，并期待着。

However, one should not ignore the international project financing will accompany with great risk, in the structure of Chinas system of project financing, to balance the interests of the system and risk, legal control is necessary, we have to pay attention to the study of the intrinsic nature of project financing, analysis risk factors clarify the content of the project, straighten out the in the status of project financing and so on, At the same time project financing as a result of successful project financing is a sign between the parties to the rational allocation of risks, and risk allocation is mainly through legal means, risk allocation is reasonable or not directly related to the success or failure of project financing.

更加值得注意的是，国际项目融资作为一种重要的国际融资工具，其本身的风险性特征十分明显，因此，在建构和/或完善我国项目融资制度时，注意制度的利益平衡和风险法律控制是其核心。在风险控制手段方面，我们要注意研究项目融资的内在本质，分析具体项目本身的特性，认识项目风险因素的内容，把握我国法律制度和政策的特殊个性，摆正政府在项目融资中的地位等等，是我国项目融资法律制度完善的必要环节。

The problem of free allocation of land occupied a very important place in the history of American land system.

免费分配土地问题在美国土地处理制度史上占有重要的地位。

Nitrile is a kind of organic compounds containing cyano group,it is a starting material to synthesize a series of amine,acid and polymer.Hydrolysis reactions of nitriles have been widely applied in plentiful of organic synthesis such as amino acid, amide,carboxylic acid and its derivatives,which occupy an extremely important position in organic synthesis.

腈是一类含氰基的有机化合物，作为合成一系列胺、酸和聚合物的起始原料，其水解反应广泛应用于氨基酸、酰胺、羧酸及其衍生物的合成，在有机合成中占有极其重要的地位。

This master of Chinese musicology and the academic value, historical status and cultural significance of his Yue Shu, thus merit ampler attention.

这样一个重要的音乐家，这样一部称得上中国音乐宝库的巨著，其学术价值、历史地位和文化意义，应该得到明确和足够的重视。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新