重氮化反应

METHODS:This compound was synthesize by steps of ammonolysis,hydrogenize,diazotization and coupling from 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride.

以对-硝基苯甲酰氯为原料，经氨解、氢化、重氮化及偶合四步反应得到了巴柳氮。

The extent of nitridation is evaluated by the nitrogen content determined by a LECO Nitrogen/Oxygen determinator.

采用氮/氧分析仪测定产物氮含量，评价氮化反应程度；以BET氮气吸附法测定比表面积，分析粉体活性；以扫描电镜分析样品表面形貌；以热重分析仪测定碳含量，X射线能谱仪估计元素组成。

Students should grasp the classification of the nitration reactions and its industrial application, the main nitration reagents and the nitration method, the classification of the sulfonation reactions, the function of sulfo group and its in the industrial application, sulfonating agents and its industrial application, the separation method for the sulfonated compounds, the widespread applicationof diazonium and the coupled reactions and its in the industry specially employed in the dyes and the pigments synthesis

掌握硝化反应的分类及其在工业上的应用。掌握主要的硝化试剂和硝化方法。掌握磺化反应得分类、磺酸基的作用及其在工业上的应用。掌握磺化剂其在工业上的应用。了解磺化物得分离方法。掌握重氮化及偶合反应及其在工业上特别是在染料和颜料合成中的广泛应用。

Chapter two: Using 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin as thestarting compound, the classical diazotization of aniline and the resulting reaction ofdiazo salts were applied to porphyrin for the first time, and a series of asymmetriclysubstituted meso-tetraarylporphyrins including 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin, 5-(4-iodinphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin, 5-(4-cyanophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin, 5-(4-bisphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin and 5-(4-hydroxylphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin were synthesized.

第二章：在已合成的5-(4-氨基苯基)-10，15，20-三苯基卟啉基础上，首次将芳胺的重氮化及重氮盐反应应用于卟啉，合成了5-(4-氯苯基)-10，15，20-三苯基卟啉、5-(4-碘基苯基)-10，15，20-三苯基卟啉、5-(4-氰基苯基)-10，15，20-三苯基卟啉、5-(4-联苯基)-10，15，20-三苯基卟啉和5-(4-羟基苯基)-10，15，20-三苯基卟啉等一系列不对称取代的meso-四芳基卟啉。

After esterification, the ethyl-2-chloro-3-phenylpropionate reacts with diethyl malonate under the catalysis of sodium ethylate, and we obtain the corresponding triethyl ester. The-benzylsuccinic acid is formed by the triethyl ester reacting with concentrate hydrochloric acid and taking place hydrolyzation and decarboxylation reaction at the same time. In order to avoid the formation of cinnamic acid, the sodium ethylate and diethyl malonate must be react sufficiently. The course has simple operation, inexpensive materials and better yield.

具体制备工艺为：首先以L-苯丙氨酸为原料采用重氮化方法得到-2-氯-3-苯基丙酸，再经酯化得到-2-氯-3-苯基丙酸乙酯后在乙醇钠催化作用下和丙二酸二乙酯缩合，发生SN2反应，得到相应的三乙酯，然后经水解和脱羧，得到-苄基丁二酸；在实验中乙醇钠要和丙二酸二乙酯充分反应，避免生成肉桂酸乙酯；该过程操作简单，原料便宜，产率较高，总收率可达到26.8%。

According to Griess reaction, diazonium-salts formed from aromatic amines such as sulfonamides etc., react with NaNO_2 in acid medium and may be coupled with α-naphthylamine or diphenylamine to produce red colored compounds.

一按Griess反应芳香族胺类的重氮化鹽，如对氨基苯磺醯胺类药物等，在酸性溶液中皆能与α-萘胺或二苯胺分别偶合成偶氮色素而显紅色，过多之亞硝酸可与氮色素再作用使紅色消失而呈棕黄色。

The 1,5-Bis(4-aminophenylazo) anthraquinone, 1,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl azo) anthraquinone and 1,5-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphe nylazo) anthraquinone were synthesized by diazotizing 1,5-biaminoanthraquinone with nitrosyl sulfuric acid and coupling with aniline, phenol and o-cresol.

合成以1，5-二氨基蒽醌为原料，经亚硝酰硫酸重氮化，分别和苯胺、苯酚及邻甲酚偶合，得到双（4-氨基苯）－1，5-二偶氮蒽醌，双（4-羟基苯）－1，5-二偶氮蒽醌和双（3-甲基－4-羟基苯）－1，5-二偶氮蒽醌，反应产率达47%~62%。

The relationship of the nitridation rate of Al-Mg-Si alloys with temperature from room temperature to 1300℃ was investigated by TG experiments.

通过程序升温法热重实验，考察了Al-Mg-Si合金从室温至1300℃范围氮化反应速率随温度的变化规律，实验验证了Al-Mg-Si合金的直接氮化符合阿累尼乌斯公式。

Using classical diazotisation of anilines, 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl-porphyrin was converted to a series of meso-tetraarylporphyrins with different substituents, including 5-(4-hydroxylphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (80%), 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (74%), 5-(4-iodinphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (76%), 5-(4-hydrazinephenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (67%) and 5-(4-bisphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (32%). Therefore an efficient way of synthesizing unsymmetrically substituted TAPs was developed.

利用芳胺的重氮化及重氮盐反应，研究了5-(4-氨基苯基)-10，15，20-三苯基卟啉上氨基官能团的转化反应，以较高产率合成了5-(4-羟基苯基)-10，15，20-三苯基卟啉(80%)、5-(4-氯苯基)-10，15，20-三苯基卟啉(74%)、5-(4-碘基苯基)-10，15，20-三苯基卟啉(76%)、5-(4-肼基苯基)-10，15，20-三苯基卟啉(67%)和5-(4-联苯基)-10，15，20-三苯基卟啉(32%)等一系列含单个para-取代基的meso-四芳基卟啉，为合成不对称取代的芳基卟啉提供一条有效途径。

Compounds 3a-3d, 4a-4d, 5a-5d, 6a-6e and 7a-7e were prepared with a new efficient method, in which the aromatic amines were diazotized with isoamyl nitrite in EtONa/EtOH under refluxing condition, and mono -, bis -and tetrakis -substituted calix [4] arenes were obtained respectively as main product by diazo-coupling in different molar ratio to calix [4] arene.

一，提出了一个有效的新方法合成含有芳香偶氮基团的杯[4]芳烃衍生物3a-3d；4a-4d；5a-5d；6a-6e和7a-7e：即在非水溶剂乙醇中用亚硝酸异戊酯，在强碱乙醇钠存在下对芳香胺进行重氮化，得到芳香重氮酸盐沉淀，过滤，然后加入杯[4]芳烃的四氢呋喃溶液，通入CO〓气体调节溶液的pH值为7-9，使其发生偶联反应。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。