采空区

Except for the inner factors of geological deficiency such as the strength of rock mass,joint,crevice and bedding plane,the external factors of earthquake blast,and ground water are also very important.

采空区的稳定性问题除了岩体强度、节理、裂隙、层面等地质缺陷自身的因素外，地震、爆破、地下水等外界的因素也不容忽视。

Kinematics from the speakers, it is stable, which is the optimal shield in the box-stent and the stent Crib 1:00, Leung also cover is closed goaf, so as to prevent the rock into the broken roof support Face.

从运动学讲，它是稳定的，这是掩护式支架最优于框式支架和垛式支架的一点，掩护梁也完全封闭了采空区，从而能够防止破碎顶板岩石掉入支撑工作面。

Kinematics fromthe speakers, it is stable, which is the optimal shield in thebox-stent and the stent Crib 1:00, Leung also cover is closed goaf,so as to prevent the rock into the broken roof support Face.

从运动学讲，它是稳定的，这是掩护式支架最优于框式支架和垛式支架的一点，掩护梁也完全封闭了采空区，从而能够防止破碎顶板岩石掉入支撑工作面。

The main environment geological question is: The earth"s crust where the faultage and earthquake are active is unstable; collapse , landslide, mud-rock flow and soil erosion ; The underground karst subsides, seepage question; Basic rock expand, expend and compress soil body, the salt deposit corrode out of shape and groundwater"s corrodent harm; The soft soil question of basin; The soft rock body, cracked rock and the weathering rock are relatively poor stability; High and cold regional highways and railways" frozen soils freeze and melt calamity problem; The around rock of tunnel are unstable because of the coal seam gas, spring water, underground developed area; Project cutting slopes, constructed abandon soil and reservoir, lake"s ecology geological environmental protection issue; Thedangerous shoal of the channel % submerged reef question; The problem of rebuilding channel project and dock etc.; And the problem of unstable ground and groundwater corrosivity during building airport; At the same time, with the international big pathways" implementation and completions of constructions, adjusting the cities and counties" constructions , the crowd occupy changing , the cultivated land distribute changing and the adjustments of structure, will cause local environmental geological issues outstanding; According to multiple statistical analysis , value calculate and integrated appraise result, in the northwest and southwest of Yunnan, the traffic relatively low density, traffic engineering is relatively weak impact on environment, It is the area where a environme

主要的环境地质问题是：活动性断裂、地震带的地壳不稳定；崩塌、滑坡、泥石流及水土流失；地下岩溶塌陷、渗漏问题；基础岩体膨胀、胀缩土体、含盐层侵蚀变形和地下水的腐蚀危害；盆地软土问题；软弱岩体、碎裂、风化岩体稳定性较差；高寒地带公路、铁路建设的冻土冻融灾害问题；煤层瓦斯、涌水、地下采空区等隧道围岩不稳定问题；工程切坡、施工弃土及水库、湖泊生态地质环境保护问题；航道险滩、暗礁问题；渠化工程、码头等库岸再造问题；以及机场建设中的不稳定地基及地下水腐蚀性问题；同时，随着大通道建设的实施和完成，城镇建设的调整、人群居落的变化和耕地分布及结构的调整组合，都可能造成局部环境地质问题的突出等等。经多元统计分析数值计算、综合评价结果，滇西北、滇西南地区交通密度较低，交通工程对环境的影响程度较弱，是环境地质状况好的区域；有主要高原湖泊分布区的，包括昆明、个旧、文山的滇东南区域，环境地质状况较好；大姚、楚雄、篙明及会泽、昭通一镇雄的区域，即滇中北部中生界红层和滇东北岩溶区，环境地质状况中等；而包括保山、德宏、大理、临沧的滇西地区及景东一墨江以东、双柏一石屏一河口以西及东川一寻甸一曲靖地段的滇中一滇东地区，环境地质状况较差。云南国际大通道建设涉及全省区域，如何利用地质环境、实现可持续发展，就必须依赖于国际大通道建设与地质环境之间良性关系的建立。应本着对区域地质环境客观存在的科学认识原则、建设过程中环境效益优先的可持续发展原则、法制性原则、对大通道建设中环境地质的因地制宜及其可防治性原则。并且从组织管理、不同类型大通道、不同环境地质问题类型等方面，提出了对策措施。最后，提出了建立国际大通道建设与环境地质良性关系的宏观建议。

Aiming at bottom roof caving and support impact problems induced with abrupt large scale caving upper roof in face 21303 of Daliuta mine, this paper put forward the motion parameter at roof caving and calculation formula of roof shear breaking force with the help of theorem of momentum, theorem of moment of momentum and D' Alembert principle. Roof caving process was simulated by Ansys Ls-DYNA program, and maxim impact force was got. The theoretical research outcomes in the paper were applied in face 21303 of Daliuta mine, and were accordant with actual observing status of roof caving process.

针对神东煤炭公司大柳塔煤矿活井21303综采工作面，上层采空区顶板突然大规模垮落对下层顶板及支架的突然冲击问题，文章采用动量定理、动量矩定理、达朗伯原理推出了顶板垮落瞬间的运动量及顶板切顶垮落所需要的剪力值计算公式，用ANSYS LS-DYNA程序对顶板垮落过程进行了数值计算，得到了最大冲击力，在大柳塔煤矿活井21303综采工作面对顶板垮落特征进行了实际观测和理论成果验证。

In this paper, micro-rock mining in the breakdown of elastic waves generated by the information source, application of rock mass elastic wave and the related breakdown of the theory and technology, to explore unknown goaf water accumulation and nucleation process, found the exact elastic wave velocity than the VP / VS, the amplitude ratio VSH / VPH, spectral, waveform, and frequency of abnormal microseism.

本文以采动岩体微破裂产生的弹性波为信息源，应用弹性波与岩体破裂的相关理论与技术，探索地下采空区不明水体的蓄积和成核过程，发现存在确切的弹性波波速比VP/VS、振幅比VSH/VPH 、波谱、波形以及微震频度的异常。

The process of balance is on thealternation of arch and beam、 explores the space-time law of separatedstrata"s occurrence、 development and distribution and this paper damasks theoverlying rock as injecting zone and no-injecting zone from the aspect of controllingoverlying rock.2.The separated strata is over fracture zone and under integral crook zone inwhere the rock formation"s moving is of monolayer or of many layers more oftenthan not, and the thickness of strata is very small while comparing with integralcrook zone.

通过物理模拟及数值仿真模拟的实验研究，分析了采动覆岩的移动与破坏过程，提出了采空区上方覆岩的平衡形式是以拱和梁交替作用来实现平衡→失稳→再平衡的力学过程观点，并详细研究了覆岩中离层产生、发展与分布的时空规律，进而从覆岩控制角度划分了可充填离层带与不可充填离层带，为实际应用奠定基础； 2。

In the simulation model, the cellular automata model was applied to describe the tunnel network system, a methane gas cell was used to represent an energy unit of methane gas which was eradiated from walls of working spaces, mined coal piles, surrounding rocks and excavations, a grid cell was used to represent a tunnel grid and its states, these grid cells contain such state parameters as velocity and quantity of methane gas.

在该方法中，用元胞自动机模型描述地下矿巷道网络系统，用瓦斯元胞来描述从工作面煤壁、采落的煤堆、围岩和采空区渗出的瓦斯能量单元；用格子元胞描述巷道格子及其状态，这些格子元胞均用瓦斯运移速度和瓦斯含量等状态参数来描述。

The initial state s of the finished stopes are fully understood through collection and analysis of the original information on underground mining in Fujiawu mining area.

通过对矿区原井下开采资料的收集与分析研究，弄清了采空区的原始状态并据冒落机理推测其现时状态，根据现时状态提出处理方案建议，为大规模露采安全生产提供了技术保障。

The fissure can increase the displacement along with the mountain slope down ramp direction, and the increase is related to slope form, position of gob, and characteristics of surface.

2采动裂缝会使山区地表沿坡体下坡方向的水平移动值增大，增大的量值与坡体形态及与采空区相对位置、表土层特性有关。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷