采矿

The dead reckoning can carry out by setting up kinematics model of mining vehicle on different uneven terrain at different times, sensors such as compass and angular displacement sensors measure the dynamic parameters information, which makes the continuous real-time orientation come true.

用不同时刻、不同斜面复合三维地形的方法，建立非平坦地形上作业采矿车的航位推算模型，采用电子罗盘、角位移传感器等测量采矿车的动态参数，实现采矿车连续、实时定位。

Steel structural microwave communication tower lectotype and cost-effectiveness analysis ;2. The properties of raw materials were analyzed by extracting the chloride and the hyalite from the mining waste with the modem test method and analytical procedure,which is based on the integration with the theory analysis,experimental investigation and cost-effectiveness analysis .

论文选取齐大山铁矿采矿废渣为研究对象，以综合利用齐大山铁矿采矿废渣生产烧结空心砖为出发点，采用理论分析、试验研究及技术经济分析相结合的研究路线，利用现代测试手段和分析方法，分析金属矿山剥离废渣中的绿泥石、千枚岩制取空心砖的原料可行性；试验研究了铁矿采矿废渣掺量及尺寸效应对空心砖物理、力学性能的影响。

ABSTRACT Sublevel caving method is a high efficiency mining method for underground mine, it has many advantages, such as a simple mine stope, good work condition, high mechanization and low mining cost. Up to now, this method has been used in more than 85 percent of all underground iron mine.

无底柱分段崩落法是一种高效率的采矿方法，具有采场结构简单，作业条件好，机械化程度高，回采强度大，采矿成本低等优点，迄今应用该采矿方法采出的矿石量约占我国地下铁矿采出矿石总量的85％。

Because it is very short for the idea of wasteless mining to be put forward, there are no relative systemic theories and methods published both at home and abroad.

因此必须对采矿工艺过程进行合理地控制和优化，其中，重点是对资源利用、采矿工艺方案和采矿工艺过程的优化。

At the first, the paper describes the importance and the present status of the application of wasteless mining in our country, and gives a special discussion for its conception ,research approaches, and some apply pathways for wasteless mining, then makes a brief description of decision-making and optimizing theories and methods applied in the paper's design and appraisal for the wasteless mining.

另外，为合理地控制采切时废料的混入，在采矿方法设计中还引入了衡量采准工作的采切废石混入率的标准与计算方法。采矿工艺过程的优化，主要是要设计选用最合适的采矿方案与最合适的采矿工艺。这是实现无废开采极为重要的一个方面，它直接影响着矿山的开采效益与无废开采效果。

This paper discussed the recent science and technology at the frontier for exploitation of underground metal resource s: digital control of mining environment, wasteless mining, ocean mining and coping with threat of rockburst in deep mining, that are of great importance to the development of mining c.

文章对地下金属资源开发的数控采矿环境、实现无废开采、海洋采矿、应对深井开采的岩爆威胁等科技前沿做了初步探讨，阐明其对采矿学科发展的重要意

In orde to obtain system optimization in high efficiency production and operation safety, the microcosmic problem of goaf treatment was brought into the creative design of mining method and the synergism of two problems was studied. Firstly, in view of the occurrence characteristics and mining conditions of catacalstic ore section of orebody No. 105 in Gaofeng mine in Guangxi province, considering the adaptability to different scale goafs in the ore section, based on mining environment reconstructing idea and continuous mining mode, a new mining method (mining environment reconstructing non-pillar sublevel-strip continuous mining method) was put forward. Then, some repr, esentative goafs were selected and their stabilities were calculated by discrete element method on the basis of differences of goaf scale, surrounding conditions and situ stress field. At last, the mining layout was adjusted on the basis of goafs stability analysis and the goafs were adjusted as a part of cutting engineering, blasting space or stope, so as to determine all kinds of goafs treatment schemes.

摘 要：为在生产高效和作业安全上取得系统整体最优，将碎裂矿段的空区处理微观问题纳入采矿方法创新设计宏观问题中，开展2种问题的协同研究：首先，针对广西高峰矿105号矿体碎裂矿段的赋存特点和开采技术条件，考虑对各种规模空区适应性，基于采矿环境再造和连续采矿理论，提出采矿环境再造无底柱分段分条连续采矿法；然后，根据采空区规模、围岩状况和原岩应力场等条件的差异，在所有采空区中选择具有代表性的空区，运用离散元程序对其稳定性进行计算分析；最后，在稳定性分析的基础上，灵活调整开采布局，将采空区调整为部分切割工程、自由爆破空间或采场，从而确定出各种规模空区的处理方案。

The LESSOR reserves the right to grant or use such easement in, over, through, under, or upon land so lease as maybe necessary to the working of the same, or other mineral lands as well as the right to lease, sell, or otherwise dispose of the surface of the land embraced within this Lease under existing law or laws insofar as said surface is not necessary for use by the LESSEE in extracting and removing the mineral deposit from the land covered by this lease or in beneficiation of the ores extracted there from, or from any other mining claim; of to issue such permit for easement herein provided to be reserved and to permit the use of the land covered by this lease, as may be necessary for the construction and maintenance of the mills, mining camps, or other works incident to the mining and milling operation on the lands covered by this Lease or on the any other mineral lands.

出租方保留以下这些建筑土地的授予或使用权：包括为了工作需要可以进入，穿过土地，在土地的上面或下面使用，或是对土地的租用；或是在本租约内和法律允许范围内，对其它矿产用地的出售、出租的权利，或以其他的方式处置这些地表的权利；在现行法律或法律包括的范围内，本租约内承租方不必使用该土地表面提取和运输矿物，或是为了有利于从该地表开采矿产或是在这里发布这些被保留的土地的使用权，用于允许使用本租约内的这类土地的权利，从而为了保证必要的本租约内或其他矿床内采矿和粉碎的运行，对磨粉机和采矿营房进行的建设和维护加工，或者为采矿和加工运行工作事宜的权利。

This text aims at the difference of several representative geology conditions in Yang Shui mining area, carried on the primary election to the mining method of Yang Shui mining area, introduced the new theories of numerical optimization choice of mining method that are fuzzy mathematics and artificial neural network etc, based on the existing mining methods that are feasible, adopt the fuzzy optimization choice principle of flexible neural networks, and synthesize several experts and fieldworkers' opinion, built up the related mathematical model and revised model, carried on processing of programming through computer, thus established each optimization mining project under several representative geology conditions in Yang Shui mining area, and carried on optimizing to the existent unreasonable parameter in mining project;have the great significance to aim at each kind of geology condition for each mining area to adjust the mining method in time in the course of mining, abandon chronically unreasonable mining method, full reclaim the mine's resource, lower the dilution rate、 loss rate of mineral mining, raise the production capacity of stope and economic benefit of mine.

本文针对洋水矿区几种典型地质条件差异，对洋水矿区采矿方法进行了初选，介绍了模糊数学和人工神经网络等采矿方法数值优选新理论，在现有可行性采矿方法的基础上，采用弹性神经网络模糊优选原理，并综合多位专家及现场工作者的意见，建立了相关的数学模型及修正模型，通过计算机进行编程处理，从而确立了洋水矿区几种典型地质条件下各自的最优采矿方案，并针对采矿方案中存在的不合理参数进行了优化，为各矿区针对各类地质条件在采矿过程中及时调整采矿方法，摈弃习惯性的不合理采矿方法，充分回收矿山资源、降低矿石开采的贫化率、损失率，提高采场生产能力以及矿山经济效益具有重大意义。

The dissertation details the functions and characteristic of curves graph element, polygon graph element, character graph element, dimension graph element, parameter graph element, self-define graph element, and research comprehensively the methods describe and graph element attrib. After discussing the basic graph element collection, this thesis gives the description method, organization way, graph element visitation, save and load efficiency, suitability and so on of every element in the basic graph element collection in greater detail. The author provides a graph element data structure organized version which is length changeable and is a block storage record, and designs a new module of data, which can process both the geometry attrib and no geometry attrib of drawing element. Based on this, the data model of all kind of element is put forward.

对采矿CAD系统中基本图元集的构造原则和组织方法进行了研究，提出了一个7元素采矿CAD基本图元集构造方案；论文详细讨论了曲线图元、字符图元、尺寸标注图元、多边形图元、参数图元、自定义图元在采矿CAD系统中的作用和特点，并对各种图元的表述方法和图元属性及相应的库组织方式、存取效率进行了深入的研究，提出了一个&可变长记录块&图元库结构组织方案；通过对采矿CAD系统中基本图元数据模型的构造方法、存取结构和访问方式的研究，给出了一个用C++语言描述的采矿CAD系统基本图元数据模型及其数据存取结构。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。