采样器

In this project, we have tackled the robust fault detection and diagnosis problem for affine nonlinear sampled-data systems based on nonlinear H∞ filtering theory,and focused on the design of robust fault dtetction filter. The main contribution of this project is that we (1)present design methods of robust fault estimator for nonlinear discrete-time systems based on least square estimation and linear matrix inequality;(2)improve the bounded real lemma of systems with finite discrete jumps;(3)develop the robust fault detection filters for affine nonlinear sampled-data systems with parameter uncertainties based on the improved bounded real lemma.

本项目以提高故障的正确检测率为目的，以非线性H∞滤波理论为基础，对不确定仿射非线性采样系统的鲁棒故障检测与诊断问题进行了研究，重点研究了不确定仿射非线性采样系统的鲁棒故障检测滤波器设计问题，取得了一些新的成果，主要成果有：(1)基于最小二乘估计和线性矩阵不等式，给出了非线性离散系统的鲁棒故障估计器设计方法；(2)改进了有限跳跃点系统的有界实引理；（3）基于改进的有界实引理，给出了不确定仿射非线性采样系统的鲁棒故障检测滤波器的设计方法。

According to the demand of high magnetic field power supply, reference is increased with a set ramp rate and stops at a set stable value, so reference system is composed of digital setting and digit to analog converting circuit. But the stability of reference is mostly guaranteed by the performance of D/A circuit, so D/A circuit is particularly studied in reference system. The scheme of D/A circuit, the selection of DAC and its voltage reference, hardware anti-jamming design and PCB design are discussed in detail, and software of remote control and PLC are discussed in brief. Zero-flux DC current transformer well satisfies the demands of the high stability of Load current detection unit, so the principle of zero-flux DC current transformer is analyzed; in the mean time a project which detects the long term stability is designed. During 8 hours, analog signal which is detected with high precision digit multimeter is recorded in computer at 1HZ frequency by GPIB communication. The drift error source and related parameters are explained in the compare-amplify part. Detailed subtraction circuit is designed; also amplifier chip and periphery components are selected and verified according to the theory of error analysis.

根据强磁场电源的需求，参考源应按照软件设定的斜率逐渐上升到设定稳态值，则参考源系统应由数字给定和数模转换电路两大部分组成，而参考源的稳定度主要依靠完成数模转换功能的模拟电路的性能来保证，因此本文对参考源系统的研究以数模转换电路为重点，分别从电路方案的确定、数模转换芯片及其基准电压源的选取和验证、电路板硬件抗干扰和PCB设计几方面进行了论述，然后对数字给定部分的远控组态和PLC程序设计作了简要介绍；采用零磁通原理的直流电流转换器很好地满足了对负载电流检测单元高稳定度的需求，本文详细分析了零磁通检测的原理，并在选定此种类型电流转换器的基础上设计了一套检测长期稳定度的方案，8小时内以1秒为采样周期，通过计算机Labview程序和高精度数字电压表的GPIB通讯，将被高精度数字电压表数字化后的模拟信号采样值连续记录至计算机中；比较放大环节简要阐述了漂移产生的原因和相关参数指标，确定了具体的减法电路形式，并根据误差分析理论对运算放大器和外围元器件进行了选取和验证。

Two daycare centers were selected for intervention study by spraying the WAHW in the classrooms without the presence of children. A week-long biological sampling of the background, including bacteria and fungi, was conducted before the remedial action took place. The WAHW was sprayed in the following week after children left the schools and before they returned the next day using a fogger.

在介入前先进行一周的生物性采样，包含细菌及真菌；接著於儿童放学后，利用雾化器於晚间至隔天早上上课前，将次氯酸水雾化后喷洒於空气中，持续喷洒一周，并同时采集生物性样本；最后停止喷洒次氯酸水后，再进行一周的生物性采样，次氯酸水的喷洒实验分别於夏季与冬季各进行一次。

7 To 3.3 V operating supply voltage 44.1 kHz sampling frequency 16.9344 MHz (384fs) system clock Built-in crystal oscillator circuit 16-bit, MSB rst, rear-packed serial data input format ( 64 fs bit clock) 8-times oversampling digital lter · 32 dB stopband attenuation ·+0.05 to -0.05 dB passband ripple Deemphasis lter operation · 36 dB stopband attenuation ·-0.09 to +0.23 dB deviation from ideal deem- phasis lter characteristics Attenuator · 7-bit attenuator (128 steps) set by microcontrol- ler Soft mute function set by parallel setting ·(approximately 1024/fs total muting time) Mono setting · Left or right channel mono selectable by micro- controller Built-in innity-zero detection circuit , two-channel D/A converter · 3rd-order noise shaper · 32fs oversampling Built-in 3rd-order post-converter low-pass lters 24-pin VSOP package Molybdenum-gate CMOS process

2.7至3.3 V工作电源电压为44.1千赫的采样频率16.9344兆赫（384fs）系统时钟内置晶体振荡器电路的16位，MSB在前，后包装的串行数据输入格式（64飞秒位时钟）8倍超采样数字滤波器·32分贝的阻带衰减·+0.05至-0.05分贝通带纹波去加重滤波器的运作·36 dB抑制频宽衰减·-0.09到0.23 dB的偏差认为不理想，症状困扰评估滤波特性衰减器·7位衰减器（128级）集由单片机在-莱尔软静音功能的平行设置·（共约1024/fs静音时间）单声道设置·左或右声道单声道微控制器可选的内置的无限零检测电路Δ，两通道的D / A转换器·第三阶噪声整形·32fs过采样内置三阶后转换器的低通滤波器24引脚VSOP封装钼栅CMOS工艺

When realizing on hardware, for an M×N UFPA, at any sampling time, a shift-register is used to store M data which is before the current sample data and the shift-register′s output is updated with the data which is at the same column while the upper row. Meanwhile, a common register is used to store the data which is at the same row while the previous column.

在硬件实现阶段，对于M×N的UFPA器件，在任意采样时刻，利用移位寄存器保存当前采样点之前的M个响应值，使其输出可实时更新为与采样点同列的上一个数据；同时，利用一般的寄存器实时保存与采样点同行的前一个数据，采用同帧行列间内插法实现无效像元的实时补偿。

It can complete the measurement of AC/DC voltage.The running process: it enlarges the digital to tallies chip through Amplifier. It holds the sampling digitalpass to convenience transforming for the chip through sample and hold Circuit.

运行过程是：将采样的模拟量通过放大电路放大到和模数转换芯片相适应的量，通过采样保持电路将芯片采样的量保持住后送入模数转换器转换成数字量，再由单片机进行控制计算。

It can complete the measurement of AC/DC voltage. The running process: it enlarges the digital to tallies chip through Amplifier. It holds the sampling digital pass to convenience transforming for the chip through sample and hold Circuit.

运行过程是：将采样的模拟量通过放大电路放大到和模数转换芯片相适应的量，通过采样保持电路将芯片采样的量保持住后送入模数转换器转换成数字量，再由单片机进行控制计算。

The ADC is pipelined, including a single-input/difference-output sample/hold circuit and nine stage subcircuits. The preceding eight stages are 1.5bits/stage, and the last stage consists of two comparators. Every input sample is converted into 18 bits binary signals, and these binary signals are converted into 10 bits binary signals through digital correction circuit.

模数转换电路采用流水线式的结构，包括具有单端输入/差动输出功能的采样保持电路和九级的子电路，前八级子电路使用1.5位/级的结构，最后一级使用两个比较器实现，每个输入值被转换为18位的二进制代码，通过数字纠正技术最终实现10位的输出，按照前端电路的应用要求，这个模数转换器实现1.33MHz的采样速率。

Only oneA/D converter is needed to complete complex quadrature translation and digital downconversion, get in-phase component and quadrature component in digital field, and also,after intra-pulse compression is done, the signal-to-noise ratio is raised, and inter-pulsecompression is done in digital field, and finally, high range resolution profile is got.Two-step stretch processing method for MMW high-resolution RADAR is presented.

计算并优化了毫米波雷达中频信号带通采样的最佳采样频率，应用现有的集成电路技术实现对中频信号的直接采样、用一个A／D转换器在数字域完成复数正交变换，在数字域完成下变频、获得同相信号和正交相信号、完成对子脉冲的脉内压缩、完成对脉内压缩信号的第二次脉间压缩，从而获得高分辨一维距离像。

Taking a winter wheat field (4 400 m2) of Jinghai county seed farm as experimental plot,sampling by regular grid with with 10 m ×10 m grids,48 sample points were oriented by GPS receipt machine to analyze soil water content at the depth of 0~20 and 20~40 cm in pri-winter,jointing stage and filling stage of winter wheat.The spatial distribution map of soil water of the winter wheat field using geostatistical analyst model of ARC/INFO was drew.And the spatial variability of soil water in vertical and horizontal direction was analyzed.The results could offer scientific evidence for the deciding of the exact time and quantity for winter irrigation.

以天津市静海县良种场内一块长约110m，宽约40m的冬小麦田作为试验区，采用规则格网采样，按照10 m ×10m设置格网，共设48个采样点，通过GPS手持机进行定位，分别于小麦越冬前、拔节期、灌浆期，利用便携式土壤湿度数据采集器对试验地各个采样点0~20、20~40 cm 2种深度土壤含水量进行了测定，利用ARC/INFO的地统计分析模块绘制了冬小麦3个不同生育期试验区土壤水分空间分布图，并分析了其垂直和水平方向的空间变异特征，以期为确定最佳灌溉时机和灌溉量提供科学依据。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。