醛类

The identified proteins were divided into two following categories: one is regulatory proteins, for example, caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferas, HSP70, glyoxalase I , actin, and so on. They are involved in protein biosynthesis and processing, cellular structural organization and stress responses. The other is function proteins, for instance, ascorbate peroxidase, cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase, cytosolic phosphoglycerate kinase, S-adenosyl methionine synthetase, ATP synthase, and so on. They are involved in photosynthesis, photorespiration, redox homeostasis, and metabolisms.

通过分析可以将这些差异蛋白分为两大类：第一类是调节性蛋白，如咖啡酸三氧转甲基酶，热激蛋白70，醛酮变位酶I，肌动蛋白等，它们主要参与蛋白质的合成和加工、胁迫响应、细胞骨架稳定等过程；第二类是功能性蛋白，如抗坏血酸过氧化物酶，细胞质苹果酸脱氢酶，细胞质磷酸甘油酸激酶，S-腺苷蛋氨酸合成酶，ATP合酶等，它们则参与氧化还原平衡、光合作用、光呼吸和各种代谢等过程。

The Knoevenagel condensation reactions between aromatic and α,β-unsaturated aromatic aldehydes with barbituric acid can effectively be performed in ionic liquid without additional acid or base catalyst, it is a simple efficient method for the synthesis of benzylidene barbituric acids, which have been widely used in pharmaceutical chemistry as well as in organic synthesis.

芳醛、α，β-不饱和芳醛和巴比妥酸间的Knoevenagel缩合反应能在离子液体中没有酸碱催化剂的条件下顺利进行，是合成在药物化学和有机合成中有广泛用途的苯亚甲基巴比妥酸类化合物的简单有效的方法。

Combined with GC-MS and GC-FTIR analysis, experimental result showed that bio-oil produced from cellulose mainly composed of LG and HAA, bio-oil from xylan mainly composed of acid compounds and aldehyde compounds, while bio-oil from lignin composed of phenol compounds with different functional groups such as methoxyl group, alkyl group and hydroxyl group. We research the thermal stability of the main product.

结合GC—MS、GC—FTIR分析技术对生物油的组分进行了分析，得出了纤维素热裂解生成的生物油以左旋葡聚糖和乙醇醛为主，木聚糖热裂解得到的生物油主要为酸和糠醛等，木质素热裂解生成的生物油的主要成分苯酚类化合物，并分析了各主要产物的热稳定性。

Based on relative literatures,this part has included five resesearch aspects as below.1 Fifteen compounds were isolated and purified by extraction,column chromatography,and their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis: acteoside(Ⅰ-1),isoacteoside(Ⅰ-2),crenatoside(Ⅰ-3),cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4),sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5),adenosine(Ⅰ-6),β-siterol(Ⅰ-7),oleanic acid(Ⅰ-8), succinic acid(Ⅰ-9),caffeic acid(Ⅰ-10),protocatechuic aldehyde(Ⅰ-11),p-hydro xybenzyl alcohol(Ⅰ-12),β-daucosterol(Ⅰ-13),D-galacitol(Ⅰ-14),D-mannitol(Ⅰ-15).Ⅰ-4～15 were obtained from this plant for the first time,andⅠ-6,7,9,and 13 were isolated from Orobanche genus for the first time.2 The scavenging test of DPPH showed that most compounds have comparative antioxidant activity as L-ascorbic acid and part of them show better activity such as the O.coerulescens extract and phenylethanoid glycosides.Acteoside showed potent free radical scavenging effects with a median inhibition concentration of 25.6μg/ml.3 The anti-HBV activities of acteoside,isoacteoside and crenatoside were measured,and all of them showed suppressive activity on the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg in the HepG2.2.15 cell line.

本论文在文献调研基础上对紫花列当化学成分及生物活性进行了研究，并从免疫抗病毒角度探讨紫花列当中特征性成分类叶升麻苷的肝保护作用及其机制。1采用大孔树脂、硅胶和Sephadex LH-20等色谱技术对紫花列当进行系统的植物化学研究，从中分离得到19个化合物，利用UV和NMR等波谱手段及理化性质鉴定了其中的15个化合物，分别为类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-1)、异类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-2)、crenatoside(Ⅰ-3)、cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4)、sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5)、腺苷(Ⅰ-6)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ-7)、齐墩果酸(Ⅰ-8)、琥珀酸(Ⅰ-9)、咖啡酸(Ⅰ-10)、原儿茶醛(Ⅰ-11)、对羟甲基苯甲酸(Ⅰ-12)、β-胡萝卜苷(Ⅰ-13)、D-半乳糖醇(Ⅰ-14)和甘露醇(Ⅰ-15除化合物Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2和Ⅰ-3外，其余化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。2)通过大孔树脂富集该药材有效部位苯乙醇总苷，并采用HPLC测得其所含特征性成分类叶升麻苷的含量可达80%以上。3DPPH自由基清除试验显示紫花列当提取物及其所含的苯乙醇苷类化合物均具有较好的抗氧化能力，其清除DPPH自由基能力接近于抗坏血酸。4采用卡介苗整体致敏、脂多糖离体攻击构建大鼠原代肝细胞免疫性损伤模型，在体外观察类叶升麻苷的保肝作用。

And 27.87%, 41.54%, 14.43% in the total volatile compounds of the abdominal and dorsal muscle. Sciaenops ocellatus has the fishy, specific grassy, fatty and melon-like odor. Hexanal and1-Penten-3-ol contribute to the form of fishy smell most greatly, also the environment and the cooperative or accumulative effects of other volatile compounds have certain impacts. Compared withthe dorsal muscle, the abdominal muscle is fishier (F0.01). 1-Octen-3-ol, 4-Heptenal and benzaldehyde have close relations to the form of characteristic flavor.

美国红鱼具有以腥臭味、青草味、脂香和瓜果类香气等混合的气味；己醛和1-戊烯-3-醇对美国红鱼腥味的形成贡献最大，环境以及其它挥发性风味组分的协同或累加作用对腥味的形成也有一定影响；与背肉相比，腹肉腥味明显(F0.01)； 1-辛烯-3-醇、4-庚烯醛、苯甲醛等物质与美国红鱼特征风味的形成密切相关。

Sciaenops ocellatus has the fishy, specific grassy, fatty and melon-like odor. Hexanal and1-Penten-3-ol contribute to the form of fishy smell most greatly, also the environment and the cooperative or accumulative effects of other volatile compounds have certain impacts. Compared with the dorsal muscle, the abdominal muscle is fishier (F0.01). 1-Octen-3-ol, 4-Heptenal and benzaldehyde have close relations to the form of characteristic flavor.

美国红鱼具有以腥臭味、青草味、脂香和瓜果类香气等混合的气味；己醛和1-戊烯-3-醇对美国红鱼腥味的形成贡献最大，环境以及其它挥发性风味组分的协同或累加作用对腥味的形成也有一定影响；与背肉相比，腹肉腥味明显(F0.01)； 1-辛烯-3-醇、4-庚烯醛、苯甲醛等物质与美国红鱼特征风味的形成密切相关。

And 27.87%, 41.54%, 14.43% in the total volatile compounds of the abdominal and dorsal muscle. Sciaenops ocellatus has the fishy, specific grassy, fatty and melon-like odor. Hexanal and1-Penten-3-ol contribute to the form of fishy smell most greatly, also the environment and the cooperative or accumulative effects of other volatile compounds have certain impacts. Compared withthe dorsal muscle, the abdominal muscle is fishier (F0.01). 1-Octen-3-ol, 4-Heptenal and benzaldehyde have close relations to the form of characteristic flavor.

美国红鱼具有以腥臭味、青草味、脂香和瓜果类香气等混合的气味；己醛和1-戊烯-3-醇对美国红鱼腥味的形成贡献最大，环境以及其它挥发性风味组分的协同或累加作用对腥味的形成也有1定影响；与背肉相比，腹肉腥味明显(F0.01)； 1-辛烯-3-醇、4-庚烯醛、苯甲醛等物质与美国红鱼特征风味的形成密切相关。

And 27.87%, 41.54%, 14.43% in the total volatile compounds of the abdominal and dorsal muscle. Sciaenops ocellatus has the fishy, specific grassy, fatty and melon-like odor. Hexanal and1-Penten-3-ol contribute to the form of fishy smell most greatly, also the environment and the cooperative or accumulative effects of other volatile compounds have certain impacts. Compared with 字串5the dorsal muscle, the abdominal muscle is fishier (F0.01). 1-Octen-3-ol, 4-Heptenal and benzaldehyde have close relations to the form of characteristic flavor.

美国红鱼具有以腥臭味、青草味、脂香和瓜果类香气等混合的气味；己醛和1-戊烯-3-醇对美国红鱼腥味的形成贡献最大，环境以及其它挥发性风味组分的协同或累加作用对腥味的形成也有一定影响；与背肉相比，腹肉腥味明显(F0.01)； 1-辛烯-3-醇、4-庚烯醛、苯甲醛等物质与美国红鱼特征风味的形成密切相关。

It showed that the yeast KD had higher fermentation capacity, gentle fermentation speed, and the produced kiwi fruit wine was clear and transparent with light yellow color and typical kiwi fruit aroma and wine-alcohol bouquet. Furthermore, the produced kiwi fruit wine had high alcohol content to 10.5 %vol, high vitamin C content to 0.94 g/L and low content of reducing sugar, total acid and volatility acid. 48 aroma substances in total were identified including esters (19 kinds, 34.65 %), higher alcohols(5 kinds,15.38 %), fatty acids(6 kinds,13.30 %), and micro-content of alkyls, aldehydes and ketones, which accounted for 97.33 % of total peak area. Such yeast was suitable for kiwi fruit wine brewing. Tran. by YUE Yang

结果表明，酵母KD的单位酵母发酵力较高，发酵速度平缓，所酿猕猴桃酒澄清、透明，色泽浅黄，酒体醇和爽口，具有猕猴桃果香和纯正的酒香，典型性强；酒度达10.5 %vol，Vc含量为0.94 g/L，残糖、总酸和挥发酸含量均较低；共鉴定出48种香气物质，占总峰面积的97.33 %，其中，酯类物质达19种，相对含量为34.65 %，高级醇(5种，15.38 %)和脂肪酸（6种，13.30 %）含量少，烷烃类和醛酮类等香气物质种类丰富，酒体协调、饱满，是1株适宜猕猴桃酒酿造的优良酵母。

The main volatile aroma constituents of Muscat Hamburg were composed by terpenes, esters, aldehydes, and ketones.

萜类、醛酮类和酯类是玫瑰香葡萄主要的挥发性香气物质。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。