醚

First,from molecular aspect,a novel copolymer-PPBES has successfully been synthesized by nucelophilic substitution reaction with biphenol,4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-phthlazin-1(2H)-one and 4,4\'-dichlorodiphenylsulfone,which has both twisted and linear molecular structures in the backbone.

本文从分子设计出发，首先选用联苯二酚与4-(4-羟基苯基)-2，3-二氮杂萘-1-酮和4，4′-二氯二苯砜为共聚单体，采用溶液亲核取代逐步缩聚合方法，合成了一系列含有杂萘联苯结构和联苯结构的新型共聚芳醚砜。

A series of sulfonated poly copolymers with different degree of sulfonation were synthesized by aromatic nucleophilic polycondensation of 3,3′-disulfonate 4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone,4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone and 4,4′-biphenol.

将磺化二氯二苯砜、二氯二苯砜与4，4′-联苯酚通过亲核缩聚反应得到一系列具有不同磺化度的磺化聚芳醚砜共聚物。

Four kinds of aromatic ether-linked dinitriles with low melting temperatures were obtained via the nucleophilic substitution of hydroquinone, resorcinol, biphenol and bisphenol A with CBN. They were polymerized to afford a series of poly(pheny-s-triazine)s under the optimized conditions.

以对苯二酚、间苯二酚和联苯二酚为原料，分别与对氯苯腈进行亲核取代反应，合成了三种较低熔点的含醚键二腈，并分别研究了其在优化条件下的聚合反应。

Sulfonated poly are prepared by direct polymerization of biphenol A, disodium 4, 4"-difluoro-3, 3"-disulfonate-1, 1-diphenylketone and 2, 6-difluorobezonitrile. The polymers are characterized with ~1H-NMR, FT-IR.

以双酚A，2，6-二氟苯腈和4，4′-二氟-3，3′-二磺酸钠-1，1′-二苯酮采用直接缩合法合成了不同磺化度的磺酸型聚芳醚腈酮，通过FT-IR和~1H-NMR对聚合物进行了表征，证明其结构正确。

Sulfonated poly are prepared by direct polymerization of biphenol A, disodium 4, 4"-difluoro-3, 3"-disulfonate-1, 1-diphenylsulfone and 1, 3-(4-difluorophenyl)benzene. The polymers are characterized with ~1H-NMR, FT-IR.

以双酚A，1，3-二(4-氟苯基)苯和4，4′-二氟-3，3′-二磺酸钠-1，1′-二苯砜采用直接缩合法合成了不同磺化度的磺酸型聚芳醚酮砜，通过FT-IR和~1H-NMR对聚合物进行了表征，证明其结构正确。

In the fifth chapter, six compounds formed between nitrogen-containing ligands such as 2, 2'-bipyridyl, isonicotinamide and 1, 4, 8, 11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and the solution cadmium sulfonates such as 1, 5-naphthalenedisulfonate, 2, 6-naphthalenedisulfonate, 4, 4'-bipenyldisulfonate and 4, 4'-penyletherdisulfonate have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Besides, another compound has been synthesized with cadmium carbonate reacting with 1, 5-naphthalenedisulfonate acid.

第五章以2，2'-联吡啶、异烟酰胺和1，4，8，11-四氮杂环十四癸烷与含有Cd〓和1，5-萘二磺酸根离子、2，6-萘二磺酸根离子、4，4'-联苯二磺酸根离子和4，4'-苯醚二磺酸根离子的水溶液反应，合成了六个化合物，另外以1，5-萘二磺酸与碳酸镉反应合成出一个化合物。

Infra-red spectra of polybrominated biphenyl s and polybrominated biphenyl ether in electronic and electrical appliances were compared with their standard ones to determine if C-Br bond belongs to the characteristic absorption spectra of 650-500 cm ,thus selecting brominate based flame retardants qualitatively.

采用红外光谱法采集电子电气产品中的聚合物部件中多溴联苯和多溴联苯醚的红外谱图，与标准红外谱图对比，判定该部件的谱图中是否有C-Br键在650-500 cm-1间的特征吸收，从而进行溴系阻燃剂的定性筛选。

The synthesized model compounds with the catalytic function of bromination and sulfoxidation are

本文介绍已合成并具有溴化或硫醚氧化催化功能的V2HPOs的模型配合物。

It was observed that the optimum temperature for the fluorous biphasic regioselective nitrations of toluene, ethylbenzene, flurobenzene, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, odobenzene and diphenyl ether were 80℃, 60℃, 60℃, 60℃, 80℃, 80℃ and 70℃ respectively. The catalyst had almost no activity when the reaction system contained 25% of water. Simultaneously, increasing the volume ratio of fluorous phase and organic phase in the system in which the fluorous phase can miscible with organic phase could decrease ortho-para ratio.

发现甲苯、乙苯、氟苯、氯苯、溴苯、碘苯加二苯醚的最佳氟两相选择性硝化温度分别为80℃、60℃、60℃、60℃、80℃、80℃和70℃，当加入25%的水时，催化剂已基本失去活性，在氟相和有机相能完全互溶的体系中升高氟相和有机相的体积比有利于降低邻对位比值。

Methods:The target compound was synthesized using 4-hydrazino-N-methyl-benzyl-sulphonamide hydrochloride and 4,4-dimethoxy-N,N-dimethyl butylamine as the starting materials,PPA and sodium dihydrogen phosphate instead as catalysts and isopropyl ether and acetone as solvents for recrylstallization,via 4-step reactions:condensation,rearrangement,cyclization and salt formtion.

以4-肼基-N-甲基-苄基磺酰胺盐酸盐与4，4-二甲氧基-N，N-二甲基-丁胺为起始原料，改用多聚磷酸和磷酸二氢钠作为催化剂，后处理采用异丙醚和丙酮作为重结晶溶剂，经缩合、重排、环合、成盐的4步反应合成琥珀酸舒马曲坦。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。