醌氢醌

At present chemistry trades the skin to have two kinds: One kind applies the decolorant, like hydrogen peroxide or hydroquinone; Another kind is uses the phenol or the trichloroacetic acid and so on carries on the corrosive cracking-off.

目前化学换肤有两种：一种是应用脱色剂，如过氧化氢或氢醌；另一种则是使用苯酚或三氯醋酸等进行腐蚀性剥脱。

Objective To observe the effect of menadiol sodium diphosphate induced mutation.

目的 观察甲萘氢醌二磷酸酯钠的诱变作用。

The results of the experiment show that menadiol sodium diphosphate has no mutation effects on the procaryotic cell in vitro.

结果 当甲萘氢醌二磷酸酯钠的浓度在0.5、5、50、500、5000μg/皿，无论加或不加S9混合物时其对4株沙门菌株的回复突变作用均为阴性。结论甲萘氢醌二磷酸酯钠在体外对原核细胞无诱变作用。

The research indicated that under the compound use of hydroquinone and methyl quinone or independent use of phenothiazines or nitrogen oxygen free radical made the polymerization retarder, opposite-methyl-phenylsulfon made the esterification catalyst, toluol made the backflow including water condition, the acid mellowly compared to when it was 1.15, the production rate of the synthesis methylacrylic acid polyethylene glycol single methyl ether (400) ester may achieve 98.9%, was extremely similar to the overseas product functional group structure.

研究表明，在氢醌、甲醌复合使用或者单独使用吩噻嗪、氮氧自由基哌啶酮作阻聚剂，对甲苯磺酸作酯化催化剂、甲苯作回流带水的条件下、酸醇比为1.5时，合成的甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇单甲醚(400)酯产率可以达到98.9%，与国外产品官能团结构十分相似。

Hydroquinone could be oxidized into quinone under alkaline condition, and simiquinone free radical was formed as a intermediate of this process.

氢醌在碱性条件下容易被氧化为醌，半醌自由基是这一过程的中间产物。

In this thesis,the AM1,MNDO,MINDO/3(mainly AM1)and INDO/S-CI semiempirical MO methods were used toinvestigate the excited-state intramolecular protontransfer reactions of salicylic acid derivatives—salicylic acid,methyl salicylate,salicylaldehyde,o-hydroxyaceto-phenone,salicylamide and 3-hydroxy-picolinamide (6 conformers and 2-3 anion species);2-(2'-hydroxy-5' methylphenyl) benzotriazole(4 conformers),2-(2' hydroxyphenyl) benzimidazole (3 conformers and 3anion species),Bis-2,5-(2-benzoxazolyl)hydroquinone(3 conformers),2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole(2conformers) and 7-azaindole dimer (2 conformers).Theinvestigations were described as follows.Geometry optimization,relative stability andhydrogen bonding energy First,for sylicylic acid derivative molecules,the AM1,MNDO and MINDO/3 methods were used toinvestigate ground-state geometry optimization,energies,relative stabilities and hydrogen-bondingenergies on the five kinds of the molecules(designing 6 conformers and 2-3 anion species).Comparing with experimental data,the optimizedgeometry,the order of stability,the hydrogen-bonding energies and the distances between O-O in O-H..O hydrogen bonds by AM1 method were in agreementwith the experimental data,however,the C-C bondlengths optimized by MNDO and MINDO/3 were longer,C-O and O-H bond lengths were shorter;for C-N bondlengths,the results opitimized by MNDO method werethe same as those by AM1 method,nevertheless the C-Nbond lengths given by MINDO/3 method were muchshorter.For some sylicylic acid derivatives(e.g.methyl salicylate,salicylamide),the order ofstabilities on the conformers given by MNDO andMINDO/3 methods were not in agreement with theexisting conformers deduced by experimental methods,and the hydrogen bonding energies calculated by MNDO.and MINDO/3 methods were smaller.Second,the studyon the other systems found that the optimizedgeometry of the proton-transfered product with INDOmethod could not be obtained,only could theoptimized geometry of reactant be obtained,and thecalculated hydrogen bonding energies were greater.Many results of calculation indicated that the studyon the excited-state intramolecular proton transferreaction system using AM1 method was suitable andreliable.

本论文用AM1、MNDO、MINDO/3（主要是AM1）和INDO/S-CI半经验分子轨道方法对水杨酸衍生物系列——水杨酸、水杨酸甲酯、水杨醛、O-羟基乙酰苯酮、水杨酰胺和3-羟基吡啶酰胺（6种异构体和2-3种阴离子）；2-（2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基）苯并三〓唑（4种异构体）；2-（2'-羟基苯基）苯并咪唑（3种异构体和3种阴离子）；2，5-二间氮杂氧茚氢醌（3种异构体）；2-（2'-羟基苯基）间〓杂硫茚（2种异构体）和7-〓吲哚二体（2种异构体）的激发态分子内质子转移反应在以下几个方面进行了较系统的理论研究：几何构型优化和相对稳定性及氢键能首先以水杨酸衍生物系列分子为例，用AM1、MNDO和MINDO/3方法考察了5种分子（每种分子设计6种异构体和2-3种阴离子）的基态几何构型优化，能量、相对稳定性和氢键能计算，通过和实验数据进行比较，AM1方法给出的优化几何构型、稳定性次序、氢键能和O—H。。。O氢键的0—0距离与实验数据吻合最好，MNDO和MINDO/3方法优化的C-C键长偏长，C-O键和O-H键长偏短；对于C-N键长，MNDO和AM1优化结果差别不大，而MINDO/3给出了过短的C-N键长，MNDO和MINDO/3方法给出的有些水杨酸衍生物分子（如水杨酸甲酯和水杨酰胺）异构体的稳定性次序和实验上推测的可存在异构体结果不一致，MNDO和MINDO/3方法给出的氢键能偏低，对其他体系的研究发现INDO方法常常不能得到质子转移产物的优化几何构型，只能得到反应物的优化构型，并且估算的氢键能偏高，大量的计算结果表明AM1方法对本论文研究的激发态分子内质子转移反应体系是适宜和可靠的。

The reduction of insoluble quinones to soluble hydroquinones and reoxidation in air to the quinone structure is the principle involved in dyeing cloth with"vat" dyes.

瓮染燃料对布料着色的原理在于不溶性醌类的还原和可溶性氢醌于空气中被再氧化至醌类结构。

RESULTS MTT assay showed that hydroquinone inhibited the growth of cells in a concentration-dependant manner and the survival number of XRCC1-deficient cell was less than that of the two control groups. Comet assay revealed that different concentrations of hydroquinone caused more severe DNA damage in XRCC1-deficient cell line than in control cells and there were no significant difference in the two control groups.

结果 MTT结果显示，不同浓度10~100μmolL^(-1氢醌作用的XRCC1缺陷细胞，490 nm波长处吸光度值低于对照组细胞，提示缺陷细胞的细胞存活率比正常细胞低；彗星实验结果显示，不同浓度的氢醌对XRCC1缺陷细胞DNA损伤比对照组细胞更严重，而2个对照组细胞之间没有明显差异。

The degradation of 2, 4-dichiorophoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) by ozonation combined with sonication (03/US) was investigated. Based on the authors' first paper about the synergistic effect of ozone and US, this paper presents intermediate products of 2, 4-D degradation. The main intermediates were 2, 4-dichiorophenol, benzopuinone, hydroquinone and organic acids, such as maleic acid and oxalic acid and soon.

利用臭氧超声波联合工艺对苯氧羧酸类除草剂2，4-D进行降解研究，在前文探讨臭氧超声波之间协同效应的基础上，确定其中间产物种类主要有2，4-二氯苯酚、苯醌、氢醌以及小分子酸如顺丁烯二酸、草酸、甲酸、乙酸等。

The catalysts,which were used for oxidating hydrogenized anthraquinone working fluid in the production course of hydrogen peroxide by anthraquinone method were introduced.

介绍了蒽醌法生产过氧化氢在蒽醌氢化工作液氧化步骤中所用的催化剂。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。