醋酸

Suitable water-immiscible organic solvents include aromatic hydrocarbons, eg toluene, xylene, naphthalene, tetrahydronaphthalene and methyl naphthalene; chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, eg chlorobenzene, fluorobenzene, chloronaphthalene and bromonaphthalene; esters, eg butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl benzoate, ethyl benzoate, benzyl benzoate, butyl benzoate, phenylethyl acetate, butyl lactate, benzyl lactate, diethyleneglycol dipropionate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; alcohols having six or more carbon atoms, eg hexanol, octanol, benzyl alcohol, phenyl ethanol, phenoxy ethanol, phenoxy propanol and phenoxy butanol; ethers having at least 5 carbon atoms, preferably C 5-14 ethers, eg anisole and phenetol; nitrocellulose, cellulose ether, cellulose acetate; low odour petroleum distillates; turpentine; white spirits; naphtha; isopropylbiphenyl; terpene; vegetable oil; mineral oil; essential oil; and natural oil; and mixtures of any two or more thereof.

适用于水互溶的有机溶剂包括芳香族碳氢化合物，如甲苯，二甲苯，萘，四氢萘和甲基萘；氯代芳香族碳氢化合物，如氯苯，氟，氯萘和萘；酯类，如醋酸丁酯，醋酸乙酯，苯甲酸甲酯，苯甲酸乙酯，苄酯，苯甲酸正丁酯，苯，醋酸丁酯乳酸，乳酸苄，二甘醇二丙酸酯，邻苯二甲酸二甲酯，邻苯二甲酸二乙酯，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯，二（2乙基己基）酯；醇有6个或更多碳原子，如己醇，辛醇，苯甲醇，苯乙醇，苯氧基乙醇，丙醇和苯氧基苯氧丁醇；醚至少有5个碳原子，最好荤5-14醚，如苯甲醚和phenetol；硝化棉，纤维素醚，醋酸纤维素，低气味石油蒸馏；松节油；白酒，石脑油isopropylbiphenyl；萜类，植物油，矿物油，挥发油；和天然油，以及任何两个或两个以上其混合物。

Cellulose triacetate is the product of a chemical reaction between cellulose and acetic acid. Vinegar syndrome is the reverse reaction of the breakdown of the acetate.

醋酸纤维素是纤维素和醋酸反应的产物，而醋酸综合症就是醋酸盐衰化中退化反应的结果。

On the condition of using fatty acids of rapeseed oil as raw material,85% acetic acid as solvent, pelargonic acid as recrystalization solvent, this paper prepared azelaic acid and brassylic acid by ozonolysis ,oxidation decomposition ,recrystallization etc.

以蓖麻油酸为原料、85%醋酸水溶液为溶剂，经臭氧化、氧化分解、沸水萃取等过程制备壬二酸的最佳反应条件为：m：m(85%醋酸)=1：4，臭氧化温度20-25℃；氧化分解温度90-95℃，催化剂醋酸锰/醋酸铜用量为原料蓖麻油酸质量的0.09%，氧化分解4h，壬二酸的收率为62.5%。

The experimental results showed that elute ability were improving with the increa...

实验结果表明，随着柠檬酸、醋酸溶液浓度的增大，其对重金属的淋洗能力呈增强趋势；在同等浓度条件下，柠檬酸对Cu、Pb、Cd的淋洗效果比醋酸的好，而对Zn的淋洗，醋酸的淋洗效果比柠檬酸的好；对Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的淋洗上，选择柠檬酸的最佳浓度分别为11mol/L、11mol/L、0.71mol/L、11mol/L，选择醋酸的最佳浓度均为11mol/L。

The optimum conditions were obtained as follows: the weight ratio of fatty acids and 85%acetic acid is 1:4, ozonolysis temperature is 20-25℃, manganese/copper acetate as catalyst, and the amount of catalyst is 0.15% of fatty acids, oxidation decomposition temperature and oxidation decomposition time are 90-95℃ and 4 hours respectively. the yields of azelaic acid and pelargonic acid are 57.4% and 51.6% respectively.

以菜油酸为原料、85%醋酸水溶液为溶剂，经臭氧化、氧化分解、重结晶等过程制备壬二酸和十三烷二酸的最佳反应条件为：m：m(85%醋酸)=1：4，臭氧化温度20-25℃；氧化分解温度80-85℃，催化剂醋酸锰/醋酸铜用量为原料菜油酸质量的0.12%，氧化分解时间3h，重结晶溶剂壬酸的用量为5倍质量的氧化分解产物时，十三烷二酸的收率为58.3%，壬二酸的收率为57.2%。

Factors were reviewed, and optimum conditions was obtained,these experiments provide effective data for industrial manufacture.On the condition of using fatty acids of cottonseed oil as raw material,85% acetic acid as solvent,this paper prepared azelaic acid and pelargonic acid by ozonolysis, oxidation decomposition , extracted by boiling water,active carbon absorpting etc.

以棉油酸为原料、85%醋酸水溶液为溶剂，经臭氧化、氧化分解、沸水萃取、活性炭吸附脱色等过程制备壬二酸的最佳反应条件为：m：m(85%醋酸)=1：4，臭氧化温度20-25℃；氧化分解温度90-95℃，催化剂醋酸锰/醋酸铜用量为原料棉油酸质量的0.15%，氧化分解4h，壬二酸收率为57.4%，壬酸收率为51.6%。

The vinegar ' inoculates the acetic acid fungus , and the acetic acid fungus will oxidize the alcohol into the acetic acid, will establish the acidity in accordance with the working condition again, general acidity of acetic acid 2.0-3.0 about for pH, when reach this value in acidity, need to utilize the sterilization project to kill the acetic acid fungus , otherwise the acidity may be sourer and sourer !

醋」是接种醋酸菌，而醋酸菌会将酒精氧化成醋酸，再依生产条件设定酸度，一般醋酸的酸度为pH为2.0-3.0左右，当酸度达到此值时，便需利用杀菌工程将醋酸菌杀灭，不然酸度可能会愈来愈酸！

The optimum reaction condition of NaClO oxidative pretreating and viny acetate acetylating technique has been determined according to sizing property, that further improves the function of acetylated starch size and expands its application in warp sizing .

对醋酸淀粉酯的变性工艺进行了系统的研究和探讨，以浆纱性能为依据，确定了次氯酸钠氧化预处理工艺和醋酸乙烯酯乙酰化工艺的最佳反应条件，进一步提高了醋酸淀粉酯浆料的性能，扩大了醋酸淀粉酯在纺织经纱上浆中的应用

This is a material in indigo grass branch and leaf of a kind of existence, produce the soluble white solution after fermenting, soak the fabric in this kind of solution, take out, turn into insoluble in water and blue and green and blue the oxidation of the oxygen in the air, it is able to bear drying in the sun washing and heating.

媒染剂除了天然的草木灰、石灰、明矾石、铁锈水、醋等物不会产生公害外，也有使用多种含金属盐的化学品，如醋酸铝、醋酸锡、醋酸铜、醋酸铁等物，这些化学品或多或少对环境有些影响，但比起化学染料来可说非常微小。

On the basis of summarizing separation method of acetic acid-water system, we studied the azeotropic distillation process of acetic acid-water system, selecting butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate and isopropyl acetate as entrainers. The influence of packing height, ratio of water to entrainer and acetic acid initial concentration to separation effect of azeotropic distillation was studied in detail. Simulation calculations of general distillation and azeotropic distillation were carried out. The influence of reflux ratio, theoretical plate, feed position, feed temperature and feed concentration to distillation process were discussed. Preferred process operation parameter, which had guiding meaning to practical production of distillation process were obtained. Basic data for the process amplifying design of azeotropic distillation tower were provided. Invest and operation energy consumption of two distillation methods were compared. The elementary technical design of azeotropic distillation tower was carried out on the basis of result of simulation calculation. The type of major auxiliary equipments and inner parts of packed tower were selected.The research results are as follows:(1) Butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate and isopropyl acetate could be selected as entrainer, and separation effect was near.

本文在综述醋酸-水体系分离方法的基础上，以醋酸丁酯、醋酸异丁酯、醋酸异丙酯为挟带剂，对醋酸水溶液进行共沸精馏过程研究，详细研究了填料高度、水与挟带剂的配比、醋酸初始浓度等对共沸精馏分离效果的影响；对醋酸-水体系进行普通精馏和共沸精馏过程模拟计算，讨论了回流比、理论板、进料位置、进料温度和浓度对精馏过程的影响，获得了对醋酸-水体系精馏过程实际生产具有指导意义的较佳的工艺操作参数、共沸精馏塔的工艺设计放大的基础数据，并对两种精馏方法的投资、操作能耗进行了比较；同时在共沸精馏模拟计算的基础上进行了共沸精馏塔的初步工艺设计计算，并对填料塔的主要辅助设备及塔内件进行了初步选型。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。