酸酐

The effect of the grafting of maleic acid onto chlorinated polypropylene on the surface property was studied.

研究了马来酸酐在氯化聚丙烯分子链上的接枝对其表面性质的影响，探讨了马来酸酐接枝氯化聚丙烯与聚丙烯及金属的粘接作用及耐水性。

The calculated results show that Itaconic Anhydride is active to get electron,and oxygen atom in the acid anhydride group is the electrophonic reaction site.

计算结果表明：衣康酸酐分子容易得到电子，且酸酐氧基上氧原子是亲电反应的作用点。

The preparation process of self-holing polyimide with organosilicon block includes the following steps: 1 the first reaction of polyacid anhydride in functionality not lower than 2, silicon oil with 2 or more amino or imino groups and polyamine with 2 or more amino groups, and the second reaction with one or several kinds of added isocyanate with 2 or more isocyanate radicals to produce sol of polyamido acid containing organosilicon block; 2 solidifying the sol to obtain solid polyamido acid containing organosilicon block; and 3 imidonating the solid to obtain self-holing polyimide with organosilicon block.

本发明公开了一种有机硅嵌段自发孔聚酰亚胺的制备方法，该方法包括以下步骤：(1)有机溶剂中具有大于或者等于2的酸酐官能团度的多酸酐与具有大于或者等于2的胺基或亚胺基的硅油以及具有大于或者等于2的胺基的多胺反应，随后添加一种或多种具有含有等于或者大于2个异氰酸酯基的异氰酸酯反应，生成含有机硅嵌段聚酰胺酸的溶胶。(2)溶胶固化制成有机硅嵌段聚酰胺酸固体。(3)固体亚胺化，即得有机硅嵌段自发孔聚酰亚胺。

The ungrafted maleic anhydride existed in the form of polymaleic anhydride in the reaction system .

未接枝的马来酸酐大部分以聚马来酸酐的形式存在于反应体系中。

From an application view, if the ungrafted maleic were removaled , the adhesion of the grafted polymer will be improved.

从应用角度看，如果将未接枝的马来酸酐或聚马来酸酐分离出去，接枝物的附着力就会得到提高。

Esterification process of a reversible step wereresolved as two irreversible steps,then chemical decomposition of wood components weredecreased in liquid acid catalyst.Experiments showed that crosslinking catalysts took catalysisrole on two process in the esterification,(1)five cyclic anhydrides formed by dehydration ofpolycarboxylic acids,(2)esters occurred by substitution between five cyclic anhydrides andwood.

实验中的反应过程使一般的酯化一步可逆反应，分解为两步不可逆反应，减少了液相酸催化过程的木材组分化学降解；交联反应催化剂对于多元羧酸类化合物与木材组分的酯化反应具有两个过程的催化作用：(1)多元羧酸脱水形成五元环酸酐中间体；(2)木材与五元酸酐中间体亲核取代反应形成酯。

Therefore esterification crosslinked reactionbetween polyearboxylic acid and wood can be quantitatively determined.According toexperiment results of stereoscopic configuration choices by crosslinking agents,crosslinkingreaction between model of reaction intermediate and wood,and the intermediate characteristic incrosslinking reaction,crosslinking reaction intermediate was proofed.We can infercrosslinking reactions between polycarboxylicacid and wood want through a mechanism of twosteps reaction process,the first cyclic anhydrides were formed as intermediates by dehydratingbetween hydroxyls in polycarboxylic acids,second esters were occurred by substitution reactionbetween wood hydroxyls and cyclic anhydrides.

从而可全面定量表征木材与多元羧酸类化合物的酯化交联反应；依据交联剂立体构型选择性、反应中间体模型物与木材的交联反应和交联反应中间体的波谱特征实验结果，证实了交联反应中间体，因此可以推测：多元羧酸类化合物与木材化学组分的交联反应是经历两步反应的机理，首先多元羧酸中相邻羧基的羟基之间脱水形成五元环酸酐中间体，然后木材的羟基与酸酐发生亲核取代反应形成酯。

The results showed that adequate propionic anhydrate concentration (propionic anhydrate to menthol at molarratio of 1:1), proper enzyme amount and low water activity (water activity below 0.63) can increase selectivity of enzymatic reaction and improve resolution of menthol in ionic liquids.

结果发现，适量的丙酸酐浓度(丙酸酐和薄荷醇物质量比为1：1)、合适的酶量100 U·ml~(-1和较低的水活度(水活度小于0.63)有助于提高催化反应的选择性，改善酶在离子液体中对薄荷醇的拆分效果。

In recent years, as the Maleic anhydride is being produced in larger scale a number the investigation have been reported on the hydrogenation of the MA to SA,γ-butyrolactone , succinic anhydride , tetrahydrofuran and 1, 4-butanediol which are important chemicals in medicine, pesticide and petrochemistry.

近些年来，由于顺丁烯二酸酐生产规模的大型化，以廉价的顺丁烯二酸酐为原料合成高附加值化学品的研究倍受青睐。

A hyperbranched macromonomer (3) was synthesized with maleic anhydride,diethanolamine,o-phthalic anhydride by step polymerization,take advantage of the different activities of functional groups.

以顺丁烯二酸酐、二乙醇胺、邻苯二甲酸酐等为原料，利用官能团活性的差异，通过逐步展开的方法合成了含有双键和端羟基的聚型分子结构的超支化大单体(3)。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。