酸性反应

The method adopts powders (10.0 parts of mass) of crop straws and phenols or polyalcohol compound (10 to 100 parts of mass) which is firstly pre-heated by 10 to 30 minutes under a temperature of 30 to 200 DEG C with the effect of acid catalyst (0.5 to 10 parts of mass) for a reaction of 30 to 240 minutes; after the reaction, the compound is washed, neutralized, filtered and dried to obtain a solid appearing as a color from citron yellow, yellow, bight brown to seal brown; wherein, the solid includes 64.0 to 70,0 percent of fibrin and 4.1 to 7.6 percent of lignin.

秸秆"液化"预处理制备生产燃料乙醇原料的方法，是用农作物秸秆的粉末(10.0质量份)和酚类或多元醇类化合物(10～100质量份)，在酸性催化剂(0.5～10质量份)存在下，在30～200℃温度下预热10～30min后，反应30～240min，反应完毕进行洗涤、中和、过滤和干燥而得呈淡黄色-黄色-浅褐色至深褐色固体，其中，纤维素含量64.0～70.0％，木质素含量4.1～7.6％。

With the characterization of NMR and IR, combining with the synthesis of active species and studies of their structures, it is suggested that the hydride [RuHCl(PPh3)3], being favorably formed in the acid media, exhibited higher activity in the reduction of the C=C bond, while the hydride [RuH4(PPh3)3], being preponderantly formed in the basic media, showed activity and higher selectivity towards the C=O reduction.

通过核磁、红外等表征手段，并结合可能催化活性配合物的合成和结构研究，推测了在非水介质中对C=C和C=O双键起到活化作用的催化剂活性物种和可能的选择加氢反应机理，即，催化剂[RuCl2(PPh3)3]在酸性环境下倾向于生成[RuHCl(PPh3)3]物种，该Ru-H物种对C=C双键加氢反应表现出较高的活性；而碱性环境下则易于生成[RuH4(PPh3)3]物种，该Ru-H物种对C=O双键加氢具有较高的催化活性。

The recycle times and reproductive capability of catalyst, reaction temperature, reaction time, amount of catalyst, molar ratio of mixture have been investigated.

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化制备醋酸正丙酯适宜的条件为：反应时间为2h，催化剂用量为15%，沸腾状态反应，酸醇摩尔比为1：1。

The solvolysis activity can be inhibited remarkably if a small amount of base was added in the medium. And the activity can be enhanced if acid was added.

原料中加入碱性物质可以显著抑制TS-1催化环氧丙烷溶剂解反应的活性；原料中添加酸性物质可以增强TS-1催化环氧丙烷溶剂解反应的活性。

With sulfosalicylic acid, oxalic acid or salicylic acid used as additives, the isolated yield of adipic acid increased with increasing reaction time, but after 6 h, it did not increase obviously.

当使用磺酸水杨酸、草酸、水杨酸为有机酸性添加剂时，随反应时间的增加，己二酸分离产率均升高，但反应6 h以后，己二酸分离产率随时间的变化不明显。

Influence factors of agglomerative efficiency on sodium aluminate solution by ion membrane electrolysis

高锰酸钾是强氧化剂，它与还原剂的反应会因溶液酸度的不同而变化。在酸性溶液中，高锰酸钾与亚硫酸钾反应，产物是硫酸锰

Such parameters as ionic liquid catalyst system and H^+ proton donor, that affect the change of the organic phase and the mass of organic matter in residual phase of asphaltic sands, were investigated.

氯铝酸离子液体催化苯与1—己烯的烷基化反应-----[来源：化学世界日期：2003年4期] 研究了在具有Lewis酸性的氯铝酸离子液体体系中进行的苯与1-己烯的烷基化反应。

Microcalorimetric measurements of NH~3 adsorption on catalysts reveal that the remarkable strong acidity and catalytic activity of the Al- promoted catalysts are caused by a change of distribution of acid site strengths and an enhancement in the number of strong and intermediate-strong acid sites effective for the n-butane isomerization and benzoylation of toluene.

NH~3吸附微量热结果表明，Al促进样品的强酸性和催化活性的显著提高是由于样品表面的酸位强度分布发生了变化，有利于正丁烷异构化反应和苯甲酰化反应的中强酸位和强酸位的酸量显著增加。

A decatalytic spectrophotometric based on a copper catalyzed redox reaction between potassium peroxydisulfate and bromcresol purple has been developed for the determination of trace copper in the percent of sulfuric acid.

在酸性介质中，以K2S2O8为氧化剂，溴甲酚紫为指示物质，Cu强烈阻抑K2S2O8氧化溴甲酚紫褪色反应，褪色反应程度在一定范围内随Cu浓度增大而降低。

SO〓〓/M〓O〓 solid superacid was applied to the photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants for the first time. Porous SO〓〓/TiO〓 solid superacid catalysts with high specific surface area were prepared by sol-gel method. The photocatalytic degradation of bromomethane was used as model reaction. The influence of impregnation with H〓SO〓 solution on the structure of catalysts and their photocatalytic performance was systematically studied by using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N〓 sorption analysis applying BET method, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, O〓-TPD and photocatalytic activity measurement. The acidity of TiO〓-based catalysts was investigated by Hammett indicator method, NH〓-TPD and IR spectra of pyridine adsorbtion. The mechanism of superacidifing effects on photocatalytic performances such as the photocatalytic degradation rate of bromomethane, apparent kinetic constant and apparent quantum efficiency was discussed.The results indicated that SO〓〓 is combined with metal ions of TiO〓 in a chelating bidentate mode.

本文首次将SO〓〓/MxOy型固体超强酸催化剂用于光催化氧化有机污染物研究，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有多孔性和大比表面结构的二氧化钛基固体超强酸光催化剂SO〓〓/TiO〓，以光催化降解溴代甲烷为模型反应，系统地研究了H〓SO〓浸渍处理对催化剂表面酸性及其气相光催化性能的影响，结合XRD、BET、XPS、FTIR、Hammett指示剂法、吡啶吸附红外光谱、NH〓-TPD、O〓-TPD、紫外可见漫反射光谱等多种表征手段，深入地讨论了超强酸化对TiO〓的改性机理，阐明了引起SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂光催化降解溴代甲烷的转化率、表观反应速率常数和表观量子效率变化的本质原因。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。