酸处理

The results showed that with treatment of the fixative solution added with antimonite,the free Ca2+ in pear different organs and tissues could be changed into antimonite calcium and precipitated in situ,which,after being stained,appeared as black particles under electronic microscope,whereas such particles could not be observed in the treatment without antimonite.

结果表明：在固定液中加焦锑酸钾处理进行制样，梨树不同器官或组织细胞中的自由态Caa2+，都能生成焦锑酸钙在原部位沉淀，经染色后在电子显微镜下呈现出黑色颗粒，而固定液中不加焦锑酸钾处理的则没有这种颗粒。

They have close relationship as the former may provide new ideas and approaches for the later, while the later may be the simulation for the former and gives it helps in degradation products identification and mechanism explanation. It is necessary to choose a suitable system, which has high potential of treating EDs and close relationship to the natural environment, to combine the researches in the two aspects. Our group has been engaged in researches on the photochemical properties and application to water pollution control of different ferric species including Fe -OH complexes, Fe -polycarboxylate complexes, Ferric oxides and Fe -humic acid complexes. Fe -oxalate complexes system has higher efficiency than the other ferric species systems in photooxidation and degradation of organic compounds. This thesis is focused on the photodegradation of nine EDs estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), 17α-ethynyl estradiol (EE2), diethylstilbestrol , bisphenol-A , 4-Nonylphenol , 4-Octylphenol , di-n-butyl phthalate , and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate .

因此从处理效率和环境化学意义两方面考虑，结合本课题组在不同铁形态（包括Fe-OH配合物、Fe-多羧酸配合物、Fe氧化物、Fe-腐殖酸配合物等）的光化学特性及其在水污染控制中的应用方面较系统的研究工作基础，本论文选择了四类共9种典型的内分泌干扰物（雌二醇（E2）、雌酮（E1）、17α-乙炔基雌二醇（EE2）己雌酚、双酚A、壬基酚、辛基酚、酞酸二丁酯和酞酸二乙基己基酯），研究了它们在Fe-草酸盐配合物体系中的光降解效果，推测其降解机理，探索环境内分泌干扰物光氧化处理的新体系，同时为预测其在环境中的光降解行为提供了依据。

The results showed that there existed significant difference in chlorophyll a, MDA and proline content among different treatments. No significant physiological variation was found in electrolyte exosmosis percentage, POD activity and proline content between the salt treatment and the control during the treatment while the parameters in drought and salt/drought treatment fluctuated remarkably.

结果表明：欧李的叶绿素a、丙二醛和脯氨酸含量在不同的逆境处理间差异显著；碳酸盐处理的电解质外渗率、POD活性、脯氨酸含量等生理指标变化平缓，与对照差异不明显；干旱处理和盐与干旱协同处理的各项指标波动很大。

But after ultra-high pressure treatment, the all free amino acid can be measured except alanine and cystine and the content of asparagines is lower. The content of free amino acid is the highest in ultra-high pressure sterilize milk, the pasteurism milk is second, the ultra high temperature sterilized milk is lowest.

但是牛乳经过超高压杀菌处理以后，除丙氨酸和胱氨酸未检出，且超高压杀菌处理以后的天门冬氨酸的含量略低以外，其余游离氨基酸均可检出，而超高压杀菌牛乳中游离氨基酸的含量最高，巴氏杀菌乳中的含量次之，超高温瞬时杀菌乳中的含量最低。

The changes of nutrition in milk treated with different technologies are also determined. Results showed that, 1 higher pressure, longer holding time and more alternative times favour a larger destruction of microorganisms; 2 the combined effect of hurdle technology and pressure on the destruction of microorganisms in fresh raw milk is more effective than only using pressure treatment, among which the effect of ε-polylysine on inactivation of microorganism in fresh raw milk is more effective than that of Nisin with the same concentration of 100mg/L; 3 the whole proteins in milk treated by the different types of sterilization have been detected by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, and comparing with the whole proteins' electrophoretogram of fresh raw milk, we found that the first spectrum band near the negative pole was disappeared and the colours of the second spectrum band was tint in UHT, pasteurism and 500MPa treated milks, which was suggested that some proteins' subunits were dissociated, but the 400MPa treated milk showed the similar eletrophoretogram with the fresh raw milk; 4 the loss of threonine, VA and VC in high pressure treated milk was more less than those in pasteurism treated milk, in particular threonine and VA were almost retained, and the contents of VB1 and VB2 in the former are also more than that in the latter; 5 high pressure treated milk had longer shelf life than pasteurism treated milk, extending the sale semidiameter of milk.

压力越高，保压时间越长，交变次数越多，杀菌效果越好；2）采用栅栏技术对牛乳中的微生物具有更有效的杀菌作用，其中相同浓度的（终浓度100mg/L）ε-聚赖氨酸较Nisin具有更强的杀菌效果；3）利用SDS-PAGE电泳研究了不同杀菌方式对牛乳总蛋白的影响，发现经UHT、巴氏和500MPa交变处理的牛乳与生鲜牛乳相比其总蛋白电泳图谱靠近负极方向第一条谱带消失，第二条谱带颜色变浅，由此推测经上述处理后牛乳中有一些蛋白质的亚基发生了解离，而经400MPa交变处理的牛乳与生鲜牛乳的总蛋白电泳图谱相似；4）超高压牛乳营养成分与生鲜牛乳相比，苏氨酸、VA、VC在超高压处理中受到的破坏明显比巴氏杀菌小得多，特别是苏氨酸和VA几乎完全被保留下来，而VC含量也要比巴氏奶高出25%以上，对于VB1、VB2，检测数据也表明，超高压灭菌对其破坏要比巴氏灭菌小，其含量分别比巴氏杀菌牛乳高出9.5%和2.6%；5）与巴氏杀菌乳相比，超高压杀菌有助于延长牛乳的保质期，扩大牛乳的销售半径。

This article that focuses on the systematic and in-depth research in the current primal problem about abnormal burst pressure reservoir depress burst pressure has procured following main fruits:1 It forms the method which could obtain massive vertical static state mechanics parameters.2 In a foundation of acquisition of rock mechanics parameters,apply bent lamella that as mechanical model along with characteristic of actual geologic characteristics to analysis curvature for anticlinal strcture, get homologous tectonic stress value throug relation between the curvature and stress and different principal curvature in anticlinal structure,consequently set up laminational stress model for anticline reservoir. The block lamination for existed fracturing date has formed method of setting up mechanical model of lamination terrestrial stress by abtaining the block tectonic stress coefficients which are got by complex utilization test, laboratory test and fracturing date playback.3 Analysesing the main reason which lead to high burst pressure by considering the characteristic of reservoir geology,reservoir,and rock mechanics and reservoir damage,etc.Establishing burst pressure quantitative prediction model which provide gist for depressing construction risk and optimizing construction craft under the condition of open hole completion ,gun-perforated completion and damaged reservoir.4 Provding theoretical basis for interpreting acidification pretreatment which could depress busrt pressure by finding the relation between the influencing factors and rock machanics parameters and analysing the factors that have effect on rock mechanics parameters. Expounding the mechanism of reaction of mixed monomineral and acid from the angle of microcosmic element, evaluating quantitatively acid sensilility of different kinds of mineral effectively, and determing the first-order reaction dynamical equation of each mineral.5 Revealing rock mechanics property chage as a result of acid flooding in different condition by sandstone traumata experiment in different temperatures which combined with rock mechanics triaxial stress experiment.6 Associating damage mechanics with sandstone acidizing, established sandstone damage mechanics model in the foundation of the recognition on the rock mechanics parametric variation which is caused by acid-rock reaction in both macroscopic view and microscopic view ,also demonstrated those processes and quantitative estimated the acid busrt pressure to direct the site operation.

本文针对目前异常破裂压力储层降低破裂压力的主要问题展开较为系统和深入的研究，取得了以下主要成果：1形成了利用测井资料，结合室内岩芯测试结果，获取静动岩石力学参数的相关性特征，从而获得纵向上大量静态力学参数的方法。2在获取了岩石力学参数的此基础上，利用弯曲薄板作为力学模型，结合区块实际地质特征对背斜构造进行曲率分析，通过曲率与应力的关系，利用背斜构造不同部位的主曲率求得相应的构造应力值，从而建立起背斜储层的分层应力模型；对已有压裂资料的区块分层，形成了综合利用测试、室内实验、压裂资料反演获得该区块构造应力系数，建立起分层地应力的力学模型的方法。3综合考虑储层地质、油藏、岩石力学特性和储层伤害等因素，分析造成高破裂压力的主要原因，综合利用岩石力学、弹性力学等知识，建立了裸眼完井、射孔完井条件下以及储层受到伤害后的储层破裂压力定量预测模型，为降低施工风险和优化施工工艺提供了依据。4完成了物性、岩性影响岩石力学参数的因素分析，找出了各影响因素和岩石力学参数之间的关系，为从机理上解释酸化预处理降低破裂压力提供了理论基础；从微观元素的角度阐述了单矿物与酸反应的机理；并在此基础上，有效评价了各种矿物的酸敏感性，定量确定了岩石中各矿物的一级反应动力学方程。5完成了不同温度下的酸液类型、酸液浓度、注酸量等一系列砂岩损伤实验，结合岩石力学三轴应力实验，系统揭示了在不同条件下注酸而引起的岩石力学性质变化。6将损伤力学与砂岩酸化相结合，在宏观、微观两个方面认识酸岩反应引起岩石力学参数变化基础上，建立了砂岩损伤力学模型，并对其进行验证，在此基础上定量计算酸化后的破裂压力，有效指导现场施工

Because the sapogenin wastewater is highconsistency organic wastewater,we developed the twophase anaerobic digestion with three stages that acidification phase, inner electrolysis phase and methane phase.

开发了三阶段两相厌氧工艺即酸化、内电解、厌氧产甲烷的工艺处理皂素废水。从理论上分析了该工艺处理黄姜皂素废水的机理和优势。在实验条件相同时，改变内电解在工艺中的位置进行间歇式厌氧处理，测得2种厌氧工艺的处理效果。实验结果表明内电解在两相厌氧中间CODC r的去除率要优于内电解在酸化前

In the biological treatment, anaerobic biological treatment is used to reduce selenate ions and/or selenite ions presented in the raw wastewater to transfer to single insoluble selenium.

在生物法中，采用厌氧生物处理来降低原始废液中可溶的硒酸盐与亚硒酸盐，并转化为不溶性的单质硒，从而以不溶性单质硒的形式去除硒酸盐或亚硒酸盐；在絮凝沉淀法中，通常是向生物处理后的废水中加入一种金属盐，使该金属盐与可溶性硒反应并生成一种不溶性硒化合物，从而以不溶性硒化合物形式去除残留的可溶性硒；在过滤法中，将絮凝沉淀法中残留在废水中的不溶性硒去除，这样就能在不用大量化学药剂和不产生大量沉淀的情况下去除含硒废水中的可溶性硒。

The results showed that the activities of PAL and PPO, the contents of ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, lignin, phenolic compound and flavonoid in roots treated by CH1 increased higher than those of the nontreated when plants were infected by Pythium aphanidermatum.

结果表明，病原菌感染时，经CH1处理的植株根部PAL和PPO活性都明显高于未经CH1处理的，同时，经CH1处理的植株根部阿魏酸、绿原酸、木质素、总酚和类黄酮含量都高于未经CH1处理的。

The results show that magnesium and aluminum theoretically can be thoroughly dissolved from the blast furnace slag by diluted sulfuric acid pretreatment on the blast furnace slag even if the ended concentration of sulfuric acid is 0.001mol/L, while the titanium basically could not be dissolved. Therefore it is theoretically indicated that the separation of the magnesium and aluminum from the slag with the least titanium loss by diluted sulfuric acid pretreatment is possible.

结果表明，采用稀硫酸对高炉渣进行预处理，当终酸浓度即使为0.001mol·l~(-1)时，镁、铝理论上也能全部被酸浸出，而钛在0.001 mol·l~(-1)的酸浓度条件下基本不被浸出，从而从理论上可以说明对高炉渣采用稀酸预处理可以很好的将炉渣中的镁、铝等杂质分离出来，而钛极少被浸出。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。