酸基

In this thesis,three copolymerization systems have been investigated in detail.They are α-ethylacrylic acid/maleimide,α- acrylic acid/maleimide and monomethyl itaconate/maleimide,respectively.

本文对α-乙基丙烯酸/马来酰亚胺、α-正丙基丙烯酸/马来酰亚胺和衣康酸单甲酯/马来酰亚胺三种新的共聚体系进行了详细地研究，并对合成共聚物的生理活性进行了初步探讨，实现了α-正丙基丙烯酸乙酯/马来酰亚胺体系的可控共聚反应。

In this article, high-pure lactic acid and ethanol acid were used to synthesized PLGA by direct condensation polymerization, and zinc octanoate of low nocuity was used as katalyst, instead of stannous octanoate to synthesize PLGA by the way of opening ring.

本文首次采用高纯度乳酸、乙醇酸直接缩聚合成无催化剂的端羧基PLGA，并分别采用了低毒性辛酸锌代替辛酸亚锡为催化剂通过开环聚合法合成端羧基／酯封端PLGA。

Therewas a significant characteristic of the vertical distribution of soil enzyme activity,the relationship analysis indicated that there was a significant positive relationshipbetween the catalase activity and OM,and total N,and effective P、K,and ex-changible Mg,there was a negative relationship between the catalase activity andBase Situatiou percentage,and Total Contents of Base;the activity of the polyphe-nol oxidase was positively related with OM,and negatively related with total N andexchangible Ca clearly;The urease activity decreased with CPR increasing,and thechange of the former two kinds of soil enzyme actirity was not significantly withCPR increasing,It is possible to be related with maned disturbance frequently.

随着代次增加，有机质和交换性Ca下降明显；土壤的CEC和交换性酸分别下降了8.8—16.1%和6.8—18.5%，因此，其养分总量亦逐代降低，其中有机质下降幅度最大；土壤酶的活性具有明显的垂直分布特征，相关分析表明，过氧化氢酶活性与土壤OM、全N、有效P、K和交换性Mg有极显著的正相关，而与盐基总量、盐基饱和度呈明显的负相关。多酚氧化酶活性与OM呈显著负相关，与全N、交换性Ca有显著相关。脲酶活性则有随连栽代次增加而有下降趋势，前两种酶在代次之间变化不明显，可能与频繁的土壤干扰有关。

In addition, the Medical Scientific Committee on the British Government scientists have found that in recent decades to reduce male sperm count and testicular volume of octyl phenol with narrow, double-Fen A and D n-methyl-phthalic acid resin, and these substances are widely used in manufacture of baby bottles, canned food boxes, food packaging bags, such as coating the inner wall.

此外，英国政府医学科学委员会的科学家们发现，近几十年来男性精子数量减少和睾丸体积缩小与辛基苯酚、双芬A和丁基苯甲基酞酸脂有关，这些物质广泛用于制造奶瓶、罐头盒、食品包装袋等的内壁涂层。

Based on relative literatures,this part has included five resesearch aspects as below.1 Fifteen compounds were isolated and purified by extraction,column chromatography,and their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis: acteoside(Ⅰ-1),isoacteoside(Ⅰ-2),crenatoside(Ⅰ-3),cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4),sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5),adenosine(Ⅰ-6),β-siterol(Ⅰ-7),oleanic acid(Ⅰ-8), succinic acid(Ⅰ-9),caffeic acid(Ⅰ-10),protocatechuic aldehyde(Ⅰ-11),p-hydro xybenzyl alcohol(Ⅰ-12),β-daucosterol(Ⅰ-13),D-galacitol(Ⅰ-14),D-mannitol(Ⅰ-15).Ⅰ-4～15 were obtained from this plant for the first time,andⅠ-6,7,9,and 13 were isolated from Orobanche genus for the first time.2 The scavenging test of DPPH showed that most compounds have comparative antioxidant activity as L-ascorbic acid and part of them show better activity such as the O.coerulescens extract and phenylethanoid glycosides.Acteoside showed potent free radical scavenging effects with a median inhibition concentration of 25.6μg/ml.3 The anti-HBV activities of acteoside,isoacteoside and crenatoside were measured,and all of them showed suppressive activity on the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg in the HepG2.2.15 cell line.

本论文在文献调研基础上对紫花列当化学成分及生物活性进行了研究，并从免疫抗病毒角度探讨紫花列当中特征性成分类叶升麻苷的肝保护作用及其机制。1采用大孔树脂、硅胶和Sephadex LH-20等色谱技术对紫花列当进行系统的植物化学研究，从中分离得到19个化合物，利用UV和NMR等波谱手段及理化性质鉴定了其中的15个化合物，分别为类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-1)、异类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-2)、crenatoside(Ⅰ-3)、cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4)、sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5)、腺苷(Ⅰ-6)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ-7)、齐墩果酸(Ⅰ-8)、琥珀酸(Ⅰ-9)、咖啡酸(Ⅰ-10)、原儿茶醛(Ⅰ-11)、对羟甲基苯甲酸(Ⅰ-12)、β-胡萝卜苷(Ⅰ-13)、D-半乳糖醇(Ⅰ-14)和甘露醇(Ⅰ-15除化合物Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2和Ⅰ-3外，其余化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。2)通过大孔树脂富集该药材有效部位苯乙醇总苷，并采用HPLC测得其所含特征性成分类叶升麻苷的含量可达80%以上。3DPPH自由基清除试验显示紫花列当提取物及其所含的苯乙醇苷类化合物均具有较好的抗氧化能力，其清除DPPH自由基能力接近于抗坏血酸。4采用卡介苗整体致敏、脂多糖离体攻击构建大鼠原代肝细胞免疫性损伤模型，在体外观察类叶升麻苷的保肝作用。

Mehods Commercially available glycine ethyl ester hydrochloride was used as starting material to give the target compound via addition, protection with BOC, Dieckmann cyclation, reduction with NaBH4 and LiAlH4, protection, oxidation, oximation and deprotection.

以甘氨酸乙酯盐酸盐为原料，依次经加成、BOC保护氨基、Dieckmann环化、NaBH4还原羰基、LiAlH4还原氰基、BOC保护氨甲基、氧化、肟化、脱BOC保护等9步反应制得目标化合物。

Azobis-4-cyanopentanoyl chloride was prepared by reaction of 4,4'-azobis-4-cyanopentanoic acid and phosphorus pentachloride.

采用4，4'-偶氮二（4-氰基戊酸）与五氯化磷反应制备了4，4'-偶氮二（4-氰基戊酰氯）。

Several types of ligand reactions observed under hydrothermal condition were summed up:(1) hydrolysis of pyridine nitrile, aldehyde and ester in mixed water and alcohol into pyridine-carboxylate;(2) replacement of carboxylate group with sulfonic group;(3) coupling of phenanthroline by dehydrogen;(4) oxidative coupling of methanol into oxalic acid;(5) hydroxylation of isophthalate.

总结了以往在水热条件下观察到的几类配体反应：（1）吡啶腈、醛和酯在醇和水混合溶液中水解成吡啶羧酸；（2）磺基取代羧基反应；（3）邻菲啰啉的脱氢的聚合：（4）甲醇被氧化偶合生成草酸：（5）间苯二甲酸的羟基化反应。

Mainly engaged in sodium azide, barium azide, three phosphorus nitride Friday, phenyl isothiocyanate, 1 - phenyl -5 - mercapto-tetrazole, 4 - dimethylamino-pyridine, 2 - mercapto--5 -- methyl-1,3,4 thiadiazole, N-hydroxy phthalimide, anhydrous betaine and betaine hydrochloride, such as fine chemical raw materials and medicine, pesticide intermediates of the development, production and sales.

主要从事叠氮化钠，叠氮化钡，五氮化三磷，异硫氰酸苯酯，1-苯基-5-巯基四氮唑，4-二甲氨基吡啶，2-巯基-5-甲基-1，3，4噻二唑，N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺，无水甜菜碱及甜菜碱盐酸盐等精细化工原料及医药、农药中间体的开发、生产和销售。

Within carboxylic groups, the coordination properties of carbonyl were studied and tn SEM graphs of picolinic acid, meta-methyl benzoic acid and 2-chloro-benzoic acid systems, a large amount of chains like structures probably caused by crystal growth have been firstly observed.

首次在杯[4]芳烃下沿羟基引进亲电性的三乙氧基硅基异腈酸丙酯，并且根据能量传递与匹配的机理合成了五种新型以改性超分子为功能片段的强键型杂化材料，其中与铽能量传递与发射情况最为优异。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。