酸基

E. 3-allyloxyisothiazole and N-allylisothiazolone, were synthesized with 3-mercaptopropionate as the starting material through ammonolysis, cyclization and allylation reactions.

以3-巯基丙酸甲酯为原料，经氨解、关环、烯丙基化合成了2种含有不饱和侧链的异噻唑类化合物，分别为3-烯丙氧基异噻唑和N-烯丙基异噻唑啉酮。

To improve the cyano reactivity, cyano-terminated PPENs were prepared by the end-capping reaction of PPEN-OL with CBN; benzonitrile terminated polys were also prepared by the polycondensation of excess 4,4'-oxydianiline with 1,2-dihydro-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4-[4-(4-carboxyphenoxyl)phenyl]-phthalazinone, followed by end-capping with CBA. The polymers synthesized exhibited good solubility in NMP, DMAc and DMF, and were crosslinked to afford phenyl-s-triazine-containing polymers under the similar conditions.

为提高氰基活性，以对氯苯腈为原料，对PPEN-OL进行封端，设计合成了含氰端基的聚芳醚腈；以含二氮杂萘酮联苯结构二酸单体与4，4'-二氨基二苯醚为原料，经Yamazaki膦酰化缩聚，并用对氰基苯甲酸进行封端，合成了含氰端基的聚芳醚酰胺。

First, the preparation of l,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, which l-chloro-4-nitrobenzene reacted with chlorine in a self-designed chlorinator, in presence of Lewis acid catalyst,.was investigated. By means of the Orthogonal Experiments design and single factor experiments, the influence of several reaction variables on the yield were examined and the optimum reaction conditions under the intervallic operation were obtained, the yield of l,2-diehloro-4-nitrobenzene was 83.26%.

为此，本文首先在自行设计的塔式氯化器中，以对硝基氯苯为原料，路易氏酸作催化剂，分子氯氯化合成3，4-二氯硝基苯(合成3-氯-4-氟-硝基苯的原料)，根据该氯化过程特征，利用正交试验设计方法结合单因素实验考察了有关因素对氯化过程的影响，优化得到了最佳的氯化工艺条件，3，4—二氯硝基苯的收率可达83.26％。

In the present study, Hartree-Fock and Density Functional Theory with different basis sets were employed to calculate the structural and thermodynamic parameters of 66 thiophenyl, phenyl sulfoxide and phenylsulfonyl cycloalkane carboxylates. With the statistic software SPSS11.5 for windows and GQSARF2.0, the QSAR models relating physicochemical properties of these compounds to their structural and thermodynamic parameters were successfully obtained, using multiple stepwise regression method. The physicochemical properties observed in this work include octanol/water partition coefficient, chromatographic capacity index, toxicity (EC50 and LC50), and solubility etc.

本文采用从头算方法中的Hartree-Fock 方法、密度泛函理论方法(Density functional theory，简称DFT)中的不同基组，计算了苯硫基、苯亚砜基和苯砜基含硫芳香羧酸酯三类共66 个化合物的结构参数和热力学参数，利用SPSS11.5 for windows 统计软件和GQSARF2.0 软件，采用多元逐步回归法拟合得到与溶质-溶剂相互作用有关的物理化学性质与结构参数和热力学参数之间的QSAR 方程，这些物理化学性质包括辛醇/水分配系数、色谱容量因子、毒性(EC50和LC50)、溶解度等。

The results show that in peptide chain, the residue at the first position C-terminal influences the usage of proline synonymous codon greatly and proline synonymous codons contain some factors influencing the isomerization of the prolyl peptide bond.

研究结果表明：与脯氨酸相邻的C端第一个残基对脯氨酸同义密码子的使用有较大影响；脯氨酸同义密码子内携带有影响脯氨酸肽键构象的因素。

Thiobarbituric acid was synthesized by sulfourea and diethyl malonate in sodium alcohol and 5-Arylidene thiobarbituric acid was prepared by the Knoevenagel condensation reaction from benzaldehyde and thiobarbituric acid.

采用丙二酸二乙酯和硫脲在乙醇钠存在下合成了硫代巴比妥酸，再分别采用固相反应和水相反应，由硫代巴比妥酸和苯甲醛经Knoevenagel缩合反应，制备了5-亚苄基硫代巴比妥酸。

In earlier studies, major classes of triacylglycerols were separated on the basis of unsaturation (i, e., trisaturated, disaturated, diunsaturated, and triunsaturated ) via fractional crystallization and oxidation-isolation methods.

早期的研究，在研究不饱和现象的基础上，通过分级结晶和氧化-分离方法，将三酰基甘油分为几类(如三饱和酸、二饱和酸、二不饱和酸和三不饱和酸)。

Its structure was determined by a combination of MALDI-TOF MS ana lyses, N-terminal Edman degradation and amino acid analyses. Amino acid sequenc e of VAPP was: N-terminus VLSAADKSNVKAAWGKVGGNAPAFGAEALLRM.

结合激光解析电离飞行时间质谱，N-端Edman降解和氨基酸分析结果表明，该多肽是由32个氨基酸残基组成的直链多肽，分子量3 216 u，主要含缬氨酸、丙氨酸、赖氨酸和甘氨酸，无半胱氨酸，其一级结构氨基酸排列顺序为：N端-VLSAA DKSNVKAAWGKVGGNA PAFGAEALLRM，与已知蛋白序列同源性远小于50%。

We studied the infection ofthe different reactant ratios to the degree of nitration when the polystyrere was nitrified. Thena series PS-NH_2 With different concentrations of amidocyanogen were gained by reducingPS-NO_2. At last the high active acryloylthiourea were grafted on the amidocyamogens.

在聚苯乙烯的硝化过程中，研究了不同的反应物配比对硝化度的影响，并对不同硝化度的硝基聚苯乙烯进行还原反应，得到了胺基含量不同的系列胺基聚苯乙烯，最后利用聚苯乙烯上的胺基和高活性的丙烯酰基异硫氰酸酯进行加成，合成AGPS。

This anion pump is composed of two subunits, the catalytic 63KDa ArsA, a hydrophilic protein, when purified, exhibits oxyanion-stimulated ATPase activity, the hydrophobic 45. 5KDa ArsB protein, located in the inner membrane of E. coli, is the putative anion translocating channel and also serves as the anchor for ArsA to attach on the membrane.

ArsATP酶由水溶性的63KDa的ArsA蛋白和膜整合的46KDa的ArsB蛋白组成，ArsA蛋白是催化亚基，具有亚砷酸盐和亚锑酸盐激活的ATP酶活性，ArsB蛋白则构成转运亚砷酸盐和亚锑酸盐的阴离子通道，同时作为ArsA蛋白在膜上的结合位点。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。