酸基

The copolymers of 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid and itaconic acid were synthesized by free radical aqueous solution copolymerization, and its structure was characterized by IR.

用自由基水溶液聚合法，合成了2-丙烯酰胺基－2-甲基丙磺酸和衣康酸的二元共聚物缓凝剂，并用红外光谱表征了其结构。

MATERIALS: The hircine bone mesenchymal stem cells were in vitro cultured, and resuspended with algin solution to obtain BMSCs-calcium alginate gel.

材料：体外培养并扩增健康成年雄性山羊的骨髓基质干细胞，收集约3×107细胞，加入1 mL藻酸钠溶液重悬形成骨髓基质干细胞-藻酸钙凝胶材料。

The effects of above-mentionedconditions on alkylene reaction are studied to obtain the optimum reactive conditionsby orthogonal experiments having seven factors and three levels. GCLE is chosen as material to prepare 7-phenyl acetamideyl vinyl cephalkyl acidp-methoxy benyl eatsr in the experiment. The process is as follow: GCLE reacts withiodide in solvent, and produce 3-iodid, then reacts with PPh_3 to produce Witting agent,and reacts with HCHO to produce 7-phenyl acetamideyl vinyl cephalkyl acid p-methoxy benyl eatsr in alkaline conditions.

试验选用GCLE作为原料制备7-苯乙酰氨基-3-乙烯基头孢烷酸对甲氧苄酯，反应过程如下：GCLE与碘化物、PPh3在溶剂中反应生成3位膦盐，在碱性条件下生成Wittig试剂再与HCHO反应生成7-苯乙酰氨基-3-乙烯基头孢烷酸对甲氧苄酯。

The subcutaneous administration of sodium dimercaptosuccinate at a dose of 1500 mg/kg immediately after the intraperitoneal injection of trivalent antimonyl ammonium gluconate increased the LD_(50) of the latter from 90—112 mg/kg to 1300—1460 mg/kg.

皮下注射二巯基丁二酸钠1500毫克/千克，司将小鼠一次腹腔注射锑铵的半数致死量从90—112毫克/千克提高至1300—1460毫克/千克。静脉注身锑~(124)铵予家兔后，如立刻经同一途径注射二巯基丁二酸钠，亦可降低锑铵的急性毒性。

Firstly, 3-ethylthiobutanal was prepared from crotonaldehyde reacting with ethanehiol in triethylamine with high yield. Secondly, methyl acetoacetate was converted to 6-ethylthiohept-3-en-2-one by three steps via hydrolysis, condensation with 3-ethyltio-butanal and dehydration, then 6-ethylthiohept-3-en-2-one was cycloco ndensed with dimethyl malonate by Michael addition and Claisen condensation, followed by saponification and decarboxylation to give the intermediate of 5-(2-ethylthiopropyl)-cyclohexane-1,3-dione.

首先，以巴豆醛与乙硫醇为原料，在三乙胺的催化作用下高收率制得3-乙硫基丁醛；然后从乙酰乙酸甲酯出发，通过碱水解、与3-乙硫基丁醛缩合、脱水三步反应合成6-乙硫基-3-烯-2-庚酮，接着6-乙硫基-3-烯-2-庚酮与丙二酸二甲酯通过Michael加成和Claisen缩合成环，再通过皂化和脱羧反应生成中间体5-[2-丙基]-1，3-环己二酮；再与丙酸酐反应丙酰化，最后与0-3-氯-2-丙烯基羟胺肟化，得到目标化合物烯草酮。

In this Ph. D. dissertation, reverse microemulsion method was fully used infabricating and modifying polyacrylamide with functional and high-relative moleculeweight. The copolymerization of 2-acrylamide-2-methylpxopanesulfonic acid, fluorescent monomer 4-methoxy-N-(2-N\', N\'-dimethylamino ethyl)naphthalimide alkyl chloride quaternary ammonium salt, fluorescentmonomer 4-(N\'-methyl-1-piperazinylallyl)-N-butyl-naphthalimide chloride quaternaryammonium salt, Cationic monomer dimethylethylammonium bromide and hydrophobical monomer octadecylacrylate with acrylamide and properties of the copolymers werestudied. The interaction between five polymers and Al_2O_3(012) crystal surface have beensimulated by Materials Studio 3.0 program package, binding energies and non-bondinteraction energies and deformation energies have also been acquired.

本文以制备具有较高相对分子质量和功能型PAM为研究目的，将反相微乳液法运用到其制备及改性的有关环节，通过反相微乳液聚合工艺，将几种改性功能单体2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基-丙磺酸、荧光单体2-(4-甲氧基-1，8-萘二甲酰亚胺基)-乙基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵、荧光单体4-(N'-甲基-1-哌嗪基)-N-丁基-1，8-萘烯丙氯季铵盐、阳离子单体丙烯酰氧乙基-二甲基-乙基溴化铵和疏水单体丙烯酸十八酯与AM共聚，制备AMPS改性PAM、荧光示踪型PAM、阳离子单体DMB改性PAM和OA改性PAM等四类不同功能单体改性PAM，并研究其应用性能。

The dissertation mainly consists of two parts:1. The Reaction Chemistry of Alkynes under Palladium Catalysis Part 1 studies the reaction α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with alkenylpalladium intermediate generated by nucleopalladation, and discovered 1 the Pd-catalyzed tandem addition reaction of halides, alkynes and α,β-unsaturated carbonyls,2 the four-component tandem addition reaction of halides, alkynes and α,β-unsaturated carbonyls, 3 the tandem intramolecular oxypalladation-conjugate additionreaction of alkynoic acids with α,β-enals. These new reactions provide notonly efficient highly stereoselective methods for the synthesis of γ,δ-unsaturated,polyunsaturated carbonyl compounds and γ-lactonic aldehydes, but also thebasic transformations for a number of C-C bond formation reactions which can be usedto design synthesis of many acyclic, cyclic or polycyclic compounds.

本论文的主要工作分为两个部分：一、钯催化下炔烃的反应化学在本小组前人工作的基础上，我们详细研究了炔烃亲核钯化产生的烯基钯中间体与α，β-不饱和羰基化合物的反应，发现两价钯催化下卤离子-炔烃-α，β-不饱和醛酮的串联加成反应、卤离子-炔烃-α，β-不饱和醛酮的西组分串联加成及炔酸分子内氧钯化-串联Michael型加成反应；由此发展了γ，δ-不饱和醛酮、多不饱和羰基化合物和带有醛酮基侧链的γ-丁内酯衍生物的高立体选择性合成方法，这一过量卤离子存在下的烯基钯对α，β-不饱和羰基化合物共轭加成反应的发现，为大量碳-碳键形成反应的实现提供了基础，使我们能够从这一基本反应出发，设计和开发多种分子内、分子间的碳碳成键反应，以好的立体、区域选择性组建开链、环状及多环类型的化合物。

O-MNT、 p-MNT and m-MNT are got by mononitrating toluene, and the quantity of p-MNT and m-MNT that are needed is increased greatly, there is a great economic benefit to improve their ratioes , so the objective of this study is to improve the ratioes of p-MNT and m-MNT in the mononitration of toluene respectively through changing temperature and mixed acid composition in industrial way.

甲苯一硝化生成邻硝基甲苯、对硝基甲苯、间硝基甲苯，其中对硝基甲苯和间硝基甲苯的用量明显增加，提高它们在产物中比例的研究，具有十分可观的经济价值，所以本文从工业化的角度出发，通过改变温度和硝硫混酸的组成，分别对提高一硝基甲苯中对、间位异构体的比例进行研究。

In order to decrease toxicities of retinods and enhance pharmacal effects and gain the relative derivatives with better curing effect and selectivity, structures of retinoic acids were modified by inducing glycosyl groups in this paper.

方法一是在氢氧化钾存在下，以4-二甲氨基吡啶做相转移催化剂，将溴代-O-乙酰基葡萄糖(5a)、溴代-O-乙酰基木糖(5b)、溴代-O-乙酰基乳糖(5c)和溴代-O-乙酰基麦芽糖(5d)分别与异维A酸反应制得1-O-异维A酰-乙酰基单糖(6a，6b)和1-O-异维A酰-乙酰基二糖(6c，6d)，收率为53～65%。

Results show that acid value of carboxylic wood powder from alkaline hydrolysis is higher,but its yield is lower than that from acid hydrolysis. The adsorption capacity of carboxylic wood powder for basic pink dye increased with increase of the initial concentration of the adsorbate,and could be kept over 500mg/g after repeated use and regeneration for 4 times.

实验结果表明：（1）在适量引发剂（FeSO4 * 7H2O=1g）和适当温度（60℃）作用下，可得到较高接枝增量和接枝率的PANW；（2）在PANW的水解反应中，在碱性催化剂作用下，可得到羧基含量高的产物，但收率较低；而在酸性催化剂作用下，则得到羧基含量低的产物，但收率较高；（3）羧基木粉对阳离子型染料--碱性桃红的吸附容量与起始浓度有关，本实验中，羧基木粉对碱性桃红的吸附容量最高可达500mg/g，对Cu2+的吸附容量最高可达39mg/g；（4）经0.3mol/LHCl再生4次后，羧基木粉对碱性桃红的吸附容量保持在440mg/g以上，在含有多种金属离子的溶液中，羧基木粉优先吸附Fe3+等硬酸型离子。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。