酸基

Prolonged elevation of the serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase is often attributed to hepatic diseases.

血清中胺基丙酸胺基转移酶和天门冬胺酸胺基转移酶的持续升高经常是由肝臓疾病所造成。

Experiments on decalcification and activation of osteoinductive ability, comparison between the osteogenesis of demineralized bone matrix in orthotopic and in heterotopic sites, and correlation between immune response to allograft of bone and osteoinductive activity of the graft, were reported in this paper. 1. Syngeneic deminerolized bone matrix and the mixture of DBM with bone ash or acid-soluble protein extracted from demineralization was implanted into muscle pouch of mice, subsequently, the inhibition of DBM osteoinduction by bone ash or acid-soluble protein was demonstrated with histological and by means of alkaline phosphatase assay.

本文对脱钙处理使骨诱导活性表达的作用、脱钙骨基质植入不同部位的成骨表现，以及同种异体骨移植引发的免疫反应与骨诱导活性的内在关系三方面进行了研究：（1）在小鼠肌肉植入同系脱钙骨基质及其与脱钙所去除的骨矿盐和酸溶性蛋白混合物，碱性磷酸酶和组织学检查表明：骨矿盐和酸溶性蛋白具有抑制脱钙骨基质骨诱导活性的作用。

Target compounds have been synthesized by condensation of the aromatic nucleus and amino heterocylcle with acyl isocyanates or acylisothiocyanates in absolutely anhydrous and aprotic solvent.

为了寻找高活性的农药品种，利用生物等排原理和亚结构连接法，对脲类化合物的母体结构进行了修饰，将芳氧羧酸类及吡唑环引入酰基脲母体结构中，利用酰基异氰酸酯与杂芳环胺类化合物在无水非质子溶剂中发生亲核加成反应，合成了四个系列21种新的酰基脲类目标化合物。

For developing an immunoassay for multiple residues of pyrethroid pesticides, the hapten N-2- carbanmoyl-(3"-phenoxyphenyl) methyl 3-(2"-Cldoro-3",3",3"-trifluoropropenyl)-2, 2-dimethylcyclopropane- carboxylate was synthesized from cyanohydrin and 3-(2"-Chloro-3",3",3- trifluoropropenyl)-2, 2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid via hydrolysis and esterification. The synthesis of the hapten was foundation of preparaing anti- cyhalothrin polyclonal antibodies.

为了制备对单一拟除虫菊酯高特异性的抗体，以菊酸和氰醇为起始原料，通过水解、酯化反应合成了半抗原N-2-氨甲酰-(3-苯氧基苄基)甲基-3-(2-氯-3，3，3-三氟丙烯基)-2，2-二甲基环丙烷羧酸酯，为进一步制备抗三氟氰菊酯的特异性抗体奠定基础。

After esterification, the ethyl-2-chloro-3-phenylpropionate reacts with diethyl malonate under the catalysis of sodium ethylate, and we obtain the corresponding triethyl ester. The-benzylsuccinic acid is formed by the triethyl ester reacting with concentrate hydrochloric acid and taking place hydrolyzation and decarboxylation reaction at the same time. In order to avoid the formation of cinnamic acid, the sodium ethylate and diethyl malonate must be react sufficiently. The course has simple operation, inexpensive materials and better yield.

具体制备工艺为：首先以L-苯丙氨酸为原料采用重氮化方法得到-2-氯-3-苯基丙酸，再经酯化得到-2-氯-3-苯基丙酸乙酯后在乙醇钠催化作用下和丙二酸二乙酯缩合，发生SN2反应，得到相应的三乙酯，然后经水解和脱羧，得到-苄基丁二酸；在实验中乙醇钠要和丙二酸二乙酯充分反应，避免生成肉桂酸乙酯；该过程操作简单，原料便宜，产率较高，总收率可达到26.8%。

Using the method of tosylation, tosylate terminated epichlorohydrin polymer as intermediate was synthesized by PECH and 4-toluenesulfonylzchloride in pyridine,azido terminated glycidyl azide polymer was obtained by the reaction of intermediate and sodium azide.

采用磺酸酯法，首先PECH与对甲苯磺酰氯在吡啶介质中反应形成端磺酸酯基氯化聚醚中间体，然后中间体经叠氮化作用形成端基为叠氮基的叠氮缩水甘油醚聚合物。

Four phenanthroline derivatives of 2-phenyl-imazole [5, 6-f]-(1, 10) phenanthroline, 2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)- imazole [5, 6-f]-(1, 10) phenanthroline, 2-(4-methoxyl-phenyl)-imazole [5, 6-f]-(1, 10) phenanthroline and 2-(4-formacyl -phenyl)-imazole [5, 6-f]-(1, 10) phenanthroline were synthesized, and twelve new complexes of europium were then synthesized with these phenanthroline derivatives as the first ligand and butyric acid, n-heptanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid as the second ligand.

摘 要：合成2-苯基咪唑并[5， 6-f]邻菲咯啉，2-(4-苯酚)咪唑并[5， 6-f]邻菲咯啉，2-(4-甲氧基苯基)咪唑并[5， 6-f]邻菲咯啉和2-(4-甲酰基苯基)咪唑并[5， 6-f]邻菲咯啉等4种邻菲咯啉衍生物，并分别以其为第一配体，选择丁酸，正庚酸和十四酸为第二配体合成12种新的铕-邻菲咯啉衍生物-脂肪酸荧光配合物。

The chlorin e6 7 and chiorin 11 were oxidized further with osmium oxide in the same oxidization condition to yield bateriochlorin 8 and 12, respectively.

卟吩醛2在碱性条件下转化为卟吩e6三甲酯7，2与烷基溴化镁的格氏反应给出脱镁叶绿酸醇9，选择高钌酸四丙基铵和N-甲基吗啉N-氧化物将3-位羟基氧化成羰基，所生成的卟吩二酮10在酸性条件下脱去甲酸甲酯生成焦脱镁叶绿酸衍生物11，用四氧化锇对7和11实施氧化，则分别转化为细菌卟吩衍生物8和12。

Soil samples were collected from protected fields in Yuhong District of Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, for determination of exchangeable acid, exchangeable base and pH, and further analysis of acidification characteristics of the soils and relationships of soil pH with the other two.

在辽宁省沈阳市于洪地区采集保护地及其相邻露地旱田土壤样品，测定土壤交换性酸、交换性盐基离子组成和土壤pH，研究保护地土壤酸化特征以及土壤pH与潜性酸、交换性盐基的关系。

Results from this study showed that the experimental forest at Lisselbo had benefited from the sulphur acid addition (S2) and the fertilization combined with sulphur addition(N2P2K2S2) during the experiment. Addition of sulphur led to a slight increase of relative basal area growth during the experiment 1971-1977 (+4%), compared with the control (C,0%).

在实验处理期间，瑞典Lisselbo地区实验松林受益于硫酸的施用和酸肥的混合使用。1971-1977年间，酸处理的松树林分基径面积的增长比对照提高了4%；1976年酸处理结束，但其潜在的正效应在1978-1985年间得到增强，基径面积的增长比对照提高了20%，随后的某一阶段开始下降，1993-1994为11%。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。