酸化的

Experimental results show that the incorporation of appropriate amounts of Al~2O~3 into SO~4^2^-/ZrO~2, SO~4^2^-/TiO~2 and SO~4^2^-/Fe~2O~3 is helpful for stabilizing the sulfur species and increasing the effective acid sites on the catalyst surfaces, which can improve the strong acidity and catalytic activity in benzoylation.

实验表明，向SO~4^2^-/ZrO~2，SO~4^2^-/TiO~2和SO~4^2^-/Fe~2O~3中引入适量的Al~2O~3，有助于稳定样品表面的含硫物种，增加样品表面的有效酸位，提高样品的强酸性和对甲苯的苯甲酰化的反应活性。

The esterifying effects of monascus, daqu and rhizopus strain on single acid (acetic acid, caproic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid) and mixed acid (acetic acid,caproic acid,lactic acid, and butyric acid mixed together according to the ratio of 1∶1∶1∶1) were studied.

对红曲霉、大曲以及根霉菌对单一酸（乙酸、己酸、乳酸、丁酸）和混合酸（四大酸按1∶1∶1∶1混合）的酯化效果进行了研究，结果表明，红曲霉能促进己酸、丁酸及混合酸与乙醇的酯化作用，生成的酯类物质均为己酸乙酯，而且酯化能力极强；大曲能促进己酸、丁酸及混合酸与乙醇的酯化作用，生成的酯类物质均为己酸乙酯，并且能促进乙酸与乙醇的酯化生成乙酸乙酯；根霉能促进己酸和混合酸与乙醇的酯化作用，生成少量的己酸乙酯和乳酸乙酯。

To be different from the already chloromethylation catalyst, it has a certain amount of moisture wet, which will not produce huge amounts of doughtic cancerogenic chloromethyl methyl ether during and after the reaction.4,4\'-bisbiphenyl, 1,4-bisbenzene, 1,4-bis(chloro- methyl)-2,5-dimethylbenzene, 1,5-bis-2,4-dimethylbenzene, 4-(chlor- omethyl)-1,2-dimethylbenzene, 1,2-bis-4,5-dimethylbenzene, 5,8-bis-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, 3,3\',5-tris-4,4\'-bisbiphenyl and 3,3\', 5,5\'-tetrakis-4,4\'-bisbiphenyl were synth- esized by using this new catalyst. Results indicated that when the reaction temperature was 55～60℃, the reaction time was 12h, the catalyst which consists of the concentration of 80%H_2SO_4, HAc and Lewis acid, the amount of Lewis acid 0.15 mol(nLewis:nbiphenyl=1.5:1), yield of biphenyl chloromethylation product 4,4\'-bis(chrolomethylbiphenyl can reach a maximum 85%.

采用这种催化体系完成了4，4′-二氯甲基联苯、对二氯甲基苯、1，4-二氯甲基-2，5-二甲基苯、1，5-二氯甲基-2，4-二甲基苯、4-氯甲基-1，2-二甲基苯、1，2-二氯甲基-4，5-二甲基苯、5，8-二氯甲基-四氢萘、3，3'，5-三氯甲基-4，4'-二甲基苯和3，3'，5，5'-四氯甲基-4，4'-二甲基苯的合成，结果表明：在反应条件为：反应温度55～60℃，反应时间12h，选择80%H_2SO_4、冰醋酸和Lewis酸为催化剂，反应最佳反应Lewis酸用量是0.15mol(和原料比为1.5：1)，反应效果最好，联苯氯甲基化产物(4，4′-二氯甲基联苯)收率为85%；在反应条件为：反应温度70℃，反应时间8h，80%H_2SO_4、冰醋酸和Lewis酸为催化剂，反应最佳反应Lewis酸用量是0.1mol(和原料比为1：1)时，反应效果最好，苯的氯甲基化产物收(来源：ABd0C论文eded网www.abclunwen.com)率为75%；在反应条件为：在反应条件为：反应温度40℃，反应时间10h，60%H_2SO_4和Lewis酸为催化剂，反应最佳反应Lewis酸用量是0.1mol(和原料比为1：1)时，反应效果最好，对二甲苯氯甲基化产物(1，4-二氯甲基-2，5-二甲基苯)收率为78.5%；在反应条件为：反应温度35℃，反应时间10h，60%H_2SO_4、冰醋酸和Lewis酸为催化剂，反应最佳反应Lewis酸用量是0.1mol(和原料比为1：1)时，反应效果最好，间二甲苯氯甲基化产物(1，5-二氯甲基-2，4-二甲基苯)收率为81.5%。

Subsequently,enol methylation of P in basic condition completed the synthesis of malyngamide O.Applied this route to the synthesis of malyngamides Q and R,the chiral unsaturated acid was connected with the vinyl chloride part by amidation,then the resulting product was converted into the corresponding aldehyde,followed by aldol condensation of the aldehyde with the chlorotitanium enolate of pyrrolidone to complete the skeleton of malyngamides Q and R,then the synthesis of them was completed via enol methylation in acid condition.

该合成路线拓展应用到malyngamides Q和R的合成时，首先用酰胺键将手性不饱和脂肪酸和烯氯片段连接，再转化成相应的醛，与乙酰基吡咯酮进行TiCl_4催化的aldol反应即得到malyngamides Q和R的骨架结构，再经过酸催化的烯醇甲基化反应完成了Q和R的全合成。

According to the distribution of the positive charges inthe surface of the cage, it can be expected that two -OH groups finally adding at two sites which arewithin one hexacyclic ring and in different sides of equator, which is accord with the conclusion resultedfrom thermodynamics

通过寻找并分析过度态的结构，发现酸化阳离子中处于赤道带6-6类碳原子上的羟基和两极区域5-5类碳原子上的羟基都有朝邻近赤道带碳原子上迁移的可能，结合碳笼上正电荷的分布特征，预计亲核水解作用将发生在赤道异侧六员环的对位，说明考虑动力学因素，最终获得1，4-加成富勒醇的可能性最大，该结论与热力学的结果一致。

Zn-La alloys increase the overpotential ofhydrogen evolution, Tafel slope 〓 and polarization, decrease the corrosion current density, inhibitthe corrosion of zinc electrode in alkaline solution, decrease anode Tafel slope 〓, promotedischarge reaction of zinc electrode, have higher passivation current density, inhibit thepassivation of zinc electrode, avoid the oversaturation of zincate in electrolyte, greatly increase〓 diffusion coefficient, decrease Tafel slope 〓, polarization and the overpotential of deposition,inhibit the dendrites formation and improve the electrodepostion of Zn.

实验结果表明，Zn-La合金电极显著改善了锌电极的各项电化学性能：提高析氢过电位、析氢过程Tafel斜率〓和极化，减小腐蚀电流密度，抑制锌电极在碱液中的腐蚀；降低阳极Tafel斜率〓，促进了锌电极的放电反应；具有较高的维钝电流密度，抑制锌电极的钝化；有效避免了溶液中锌酸盐的过饱和现象：使〓的扩散系数明显增大：降低Zn沉积过程的Tafel斜率〓、极化和沉积过电位，明显抑制锌枝晶的生长，改善了锌的电沉积性能。

Covering the chemistry of liquid-phase oxidation of organic compounds, this book includes the results of analysis with the parabolic model as applied to reactions of peroxyl radicals with C-H bond of different organic compounds.

在有机化学和生物学方面的氧化和抗氧化剂有機化学と生物学の面でのアンチオキダントと酸化します包括有机化合物的液相氧化的化学，这本书象适用于peroxyl 激进主义者与不同的有机化合物的C-H 契约的反应的那样用抛物线的模型包括分析的结果。

Pyridoxine, pyridoxal , pyridoxamine as well as their phosphated forms are structural analogues in which pyridoxal-5"-phosphate and pyridoxamine-5"- phosphate are the biological active forms in vivo which act as the cofactors of aminotransferases, amino acid decarboxylases, cysteine desufbrase and cystathionine , etc by constant transconversions. Recently, it was discovered that B6 played a novel role in tumor growth suppression.

它包括三种结构十分近似的化合物：吡哆醇(Pyidoxine，PN)、吡哆醛(Pyridoxal，PL)和吡哆胺(Pyridoxamine，PM)，分别以磷酸化的形式发挥作用，其中吡哆醛-5'-磷酸(Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate，PLP)为B_6在体内的活性形式，通过与磷酸吡哆胺(Pyidoxamine-5-phosphate，PMP)的互变，作为多种酶(氨基转移酶、氨基酸脱羧酶、半胱氨酸脱硫酶、胱硫醚酶等)的辅酶而发挥传递基团的作用。

The mathematic model and the neural networks between strength after acidifying and acidified depth can reflect the corrosion condition of mortar and concrete, which have certain referential value for estimating the acidifying resistance durability of concrete in southwest China.

本文最后所得到的腐蚀后的强度和酸化深度的数学模型和神经网络，可以较好的反映混凝土受酸雨腐蚀的变化情况，对我国南方酸雨区的混凝土腐蚀的耐久性和经济评估有一定参考价值。

The results show that perfect anatase nanocrystalline TiO2 can be obtained by SGRTSE method and the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 can be improved by doping and surface treatment. In the experimental system, the addings of proper salts are beneficial to the photocatalytic degradation of DBSNa. The pH value of solution, adding amount of TiO2, flow rate of air, and initial concentration are the main influence factors for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange, and the apparent reaction order is pseudo-first-order, which could be described by Langmuir- Hinshelwood equation.

结果表明：sol-gel法结合室温溶剂蒸发诱导可制备出晶型良好的锐钛型纳米TiO_2；过渡元素和稀土元素杂原子掺杂，贵金属掺杂和表面酸化处理是有效提高TiO_2光催化活性的途径；试验体系中，在DBSNa的降解过程中加入适量的盐，可以大大加速降解效果；光催化降解水中有机物，溶液pH值，TiO_2投加量，曝气速率，被降解物起始浓度等是影响降解效果的重要因素；对起始浓度较低的有机物光催化降解过程可利用简化的Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程进行描述，反应级数为拟一级。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。