酸化的

The key technology of "fattyacid-oil process" in production of alkyd resin is the alcoholysis of oils. The alcoholysis of fattyacid-oil is the result of esterification of fatty acid and alloholysis of oils, of which the medium effect of esterified product of fatty acid and polyols will promote the alcoholysis of oils with polyols.

制造醇酸树脂的"脂肪酸－油法"的技术关键依然是油脂的醇解，整个脂肪酸－油脂体系的醇解是脂肪酸酯化与油脂醇解并行反应的结果，其中，脂肪酸与多元醇的酯化产物的介质效应有力地促进了油脂与多元醇的醇解反应。

The process of ecological degradation in the vicinity of Shaoguan Pb/Zn smelter may be summed as: heavy metals and acidic deposits from the waste gas from smelter resulted in the vanishment of the sensitive plant species, increasing accumulation of heavy metals in soils and acidification of topsoil worsened the chemical properties and then shallow-rooted plant, mainly the herbaceous, vanished. With the demolishment of the vegetation cover, increasing water-soil erosion worsened physico-chemical properties of soil and, subsequently, some woody plants disappeared and barren land was finally appeared.

该生态系统的退化过程可以归纳为：来自于冶炼废气的重金属和酸沉降导致了敏感植物的消亡，丧失了对土壤的缓冲保护作用；重金属在土壤表层的积累，酸性物质在土壤表层的增加导致的土壤酸化以及由此引发的有机质与养分的淋溶和重金属及Al的活性增加，加剧植被的快速退化，特别是浅根植物的衰亡；地被层的破坏，导致水土流失和土壤侵蚀加深，进一步恶化表层土壤的理化性质，一些木本植物随之消失，最终形成光板地。

The influences of the type and dosage of the aldehyde, organic acids, as well as the water content in the reaction system on the racemization were examined in detail, and L-Glu was racemized quickly in the presence of 0.2 molar ratio of L-Glu to salicylaldehyde in acetic acid containing 20% water.

详细考察了醛的种类及用量、羧酸溶剂的种类、反应体系的含水量对消旋化的影响，结果表明L-谷氨酸在含20%水的乙酸溶剂中，以水杨醛作为催化剂(水杨醛与L-谷氨酸的物质的量比为0.2)的优化条件下可以快速地被消旋化。

All the results above suggested that it was the cyclic electron transport but the xanthophyll cycle that play the key role in the photoprotection of the rice hybrids. The cyclic electron transport was enhanced under excessive light, thus more ATPs, which could be used for the repair of the damaged D1 protein, would be produced by cyclic phosphorylation.

这些实验结果首次阐明，叶黄素循环的热耗散在杂交稻的光保护中不起关键作用，而环式电子传递则对于杂交稻的光保护起至关重要的作用，其机理可能在于强光条件下环式磷酸化的加剧生成大量ATP用于光破坏的修复作用，同时避免类囊体膜的过度酸化，从而导致强光下qN的下降。

It showed that the ammonium ferric sulfate dodecahydrate was an excellent catalyst,the yield of the n-butyl lactate could reach over 95.0% under molar ratio of n-butyl alcohol and lactic acid 2.25∶1,the reaction temperature of 110～125℃,reaction time of 1.5 h and amount of the ammonium ferric sulfate dodecahydrate catalyst of 2.5%.

实验表明：NH4Fe(SO4)212H2O是合成乳酸正丁酯的良好催化剂。最佳反应条件为：醇酸物质的量比2.25∶1，催化剂的用量为反应物料总量的2.5％，酯化反应时间为1.5 h，反应温度110～125℃，酯化率可达95.0％。

Based on the above experiments, the author studied the mixed metallic pillared and modified montmorillonites. The experimental result indicated that the microporous structure of Fe-Al-PLMs was affected by the changing of interlayer Fe-Al polymer with different Fe/Al ratio. But the presence of Al iron was helpful to incorporate Fe iron into interlayer of montmorillonites.. Introducing Zr helped Al-PLMs getting better larger spacing, thermal stability, surface area and pore volumes. Its successful to apply Zr-Al-PLMs to treat wastewater containing Cr iron. The experiment of modifying Al-PLMs by PVA showed that the order of adding starting materials (Al-pillaring solution, PVA, montmorillonite solution) was related to the property of Al-PLMs. The PVA as precursor was beneficial for Al to go into interlayer of the clay and to form larger basal spacing porous clay. The surface area and pore volumes of Al-PLMs increased mainly because of increasing the external surface area and mesoporous volumes after acid-activating. This conclusion confirmed that the microporous structure of pillaring clay depends upon the interlayer pillar.

实验结果表明：在Al-PLMs中引入Fe离子，不同Fe／Al比制得的Fe-Al-PLMs因层间的Fe-Al聚合离子结构不同而影响其微孔结构，但羟基Al离子的存在有利于Fe离子进入蒙脱石层间；在Al-PLMs中引入Zr离子，有助于其层间距、比表面积、孔体积增大，所得Zr-Al-PLMs应用于含Cr废水处理效果显著；PVA改性后的Al-PLMs其物化性质变化与铝柱化剂、PVA溶液、蒙脱石溶液三者不同添加顺序有关，说明PVA的前撑有利于Al进入蒙脱石层间得到较大层间距的Al-PLMs；经酸化处理得Al-acid-PLMs，其比表面积增大以外表面积为主，孔体积增大以中孔为主，这也证实了柱撑蒙脱石的微孔结构取决于其层间的柱化物。

The influences of the type and dosage of the aldehyde, organic acids, as well as the water content in the reaction system on the racemization were examined in detail, and L-Glu was racemized quickly in the presence of 0.2 molar ratio of L-Glu to salicylaldehyde in acetic acid containing 20% water.

详细考察了腔的种类及用量、羧酸溶剂的种类、反应体系的含水量对消旋化的影响，结果表明L谷氨酸在含20%水的乙酸溶剂中，以水杨醛作为催化剂（水杨醛与L-谷氨酸的物质的量比为0.2）的优化条件下可以快速地被消旋化。

A novel polymer of Poly(diglycidyl maleate-co-stearyl methacrylate) was synthesized and its structure was characterized by ~1H NMR. Its self-assembly behavior was studied in different solvents. It was found that vesicles and tubule-liked aggregates can be obtained through self-assembly of P(DGMA-co-SMA)/THF/EtOH system. And spheral aggregates were obtained in P(DGMA-co-SMA)/THF/H_2O system while the spheral aggregates were converted into rod-liked aggregates and line-liked aggregates after aged for different time.

合成了带含环氧基侧链和十八烷基侧链的聚(马来酸二缩水甘油酯-co-甲基丙烯酸十八酯)，用~1H NMR对所得的共聚物进行了表征；研究了其在选择性溶剂中的自组装行为，发现P(DGMA-co-SMA)／THF／EtOH体系可以通过自组装形成囊泡形自组装体和支化的管状自组装体，P(DGMA-co-SMA)／THF／H_2O体系最初自组装形成球形自组装体，随着陈化时间的延长，球形自组装体逐渐融合成长条形自组装体和线形自组装体；探讨了自组装过程的机理，建立了可能的自组装过程模型。

CNTs were first pre-treated using acid solution (HNO3) to obtain CNTs functionalized with carboxylic groups. Subsequently, the stearyl alcohol was grafted onto CNT with the assistance of dehydrating agent, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide. Excellent dispersion in organic solvents such as acetone, THF, and chloroform was found for the modified CNTs (CNT-C18). In addition, the PBS/CNTs nanocomposites were then prepared through simple melt-blending. Mechanical properties, thermal behavior, conductivity of resultant polymer/CNT composites were investigated. The results show that excellent dispersion of nanotubes in the PBS matrices was achieved.

为了增加多壁奈米碳管在复合材料中的分散性，将碳管表面进行化学修饰，首先将多壁奈米碳管浸入HNO3溶液中，进行酸化，使碳管表面带有羧酸的官能基，然后再加入十八烷醇，在温和的条件下，藉由N，N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(N，N'-dicyclohexyl- carbodiimide，DCC)脱水剂脱水，使碳管和十八烷醇之间产生酯基的化学键结，改质后的碳管可以分散在acetone、THF、chloroform…等有机溶剂中，结果显示成功的利用DCC脱水剂完成碳管的改质。

First, the geometry optimization for 1-phenyldibenzophosphole and triphenylphosphine were carried out using quantum chemical AM1 method.

用量子化学AM1方法优化了1-苯基二苯并膦和三苯基膦的几何构型，比较了两种化合物的电子结构和空间结构，发现PDBP作为羰基合成铑膦催化剂的配体要优于三苯基膦；系统研究了PDBP的合成方法，其最佳合成条件为：在无水无氧的条件下，采用二乙胺锂与溴化四苯基膦摩尔比为3，反应温度为22 ℃，反应5 h，反应后酸化， pH值为1～2，产物收率可达到85％～88％。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。