酸化剂

The results showed that new-type solid ferric potassium alum was a good catalyst for the synthesis of ethyl decanoate and the optimum conditions were as follows: molar ratio of acid to alcohol was 1∶2, the use level of catalyst was 0.6 g/0.05 mol capric acid, water-taking reagent benzene was...

结果表明，新型固体酸铁钾矾是合成癸酸乙酯的良好催化剂，在酸醇物质的量比为1∶2，催化剂用量为0.6g(0.05mol癸酸)，带水剂苯为15mL，反应时间为2.5h的条件下，癸酸乙酯的酯化率可达98%。

The results showed that new-type solid ferric potassium alum was a good catalyst for the synthesis of ethyl decanoate and the optimum conditions were as follows: molar ratio of acid to alcohol was 1:2, the use level of catalyst was 0.6g/0.05 mol capric acid, water-taking reagent benzene was 15 mL, reaction time was 2.5 h and the yield of ethyl decanoate could reach 98%.

结果表明，新型固体酸铁钾矾是合成葵酸乙酯的良好催化剂，在酸醇物质的量比为1：2，催化剂用量为0.69（0.05 mol癸酸），带水剂苯为15mL，反应时间为2.5h的条件下，癸酸乙酯的酯化率可达98%。

Using peptide hydrolysis combined with amino acid analysis, sugar alcohol acetylation combining with GC/MS, fattic acid methyl esterization combining with GC/MS and other technical means it was identify carbohydrate in the bioemulsifier mainly was D-mannose, and main amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, and main fattic acids that composed lipid was hexadecanoic acid, octadecenoic acid, and octadecanoic acid.

利用肽水解结合氨基酸分析、糖醇乙酰化结合GC-MS、脂肪酸甲脂化结合GC-MS等技术手段鉴定乳化剂中糖主要为D-甘露糖；主要氨基酸为谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸；构成脂的主要脂肪酸为十六烷酸、十八烯酸和十八烷酸。

The synthesis of a series of photo generating acid by alkylation, acyl chloriding, esterification with the available anthraquinone-2-sulfonic Na is emphasized.

本文以商业化的蒽醌-2-磺酸钠为原料，经过烷基化、酰氯化、酯化3个步骤合成了一系列释酸剂，并利用红外谱图，对每一步所得结构进行表征，对影响反应的因素进行了研究，并对释酸剂的应用结果进行了讨论。

Second, plasticizers industry trends: the main production of plasticizer tends to continuous large-scale production, and special plasticizers tend to many varieties, small batch intermittent production; products, traditional, low-cost, security risk phthalate plasticizers are being new, safe but relatively high prices of citric acid ester plasticizers, trimellitic acid plasticizer replaced this trend performance in foreign markets significantly, and domestic prices because of factors, phthalate plasticizers will be substantial use.

二、增塑剂行业发展趋势：生产方面主增塑剂趋于连续化大生产，而特殊增塑剂趋于多品种、小批量间歇生产；产品方面，传统的、廉价的、安全风险大的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂正在被新型的、安全的但价格相对较高的柠檬酸酯增塑剂、偏苯三酸类增塑剂所取代，这一趋势在国外市场表现显著，而国内由于价格因素，邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂仍将被大量使用。

LIN Hailin,CUI Yingde,DU Lin,CHEN JianpingInstitute of Applied Chemistry,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and TechnologySuper water absorbent resins P,SA/NaAA,SA/NaAA/PVA and SA/NaAA/AM were synthesized from sodium alginate,acrylic acid,polyvinyl alcoholand acrylamide,with N,N–methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinking agent,(NH4)2S2O8 - NaHSO3 as initiator,by means of aqueous solution polymerization.

以醚化海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸为单体，N， N–亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，过硫酸铵-亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂，采用水溶液法制备聚丙烯酸钠p吸水树脂和海藻酸钠/丙烯酸钠、海藻酸钠/丙烯酸钠/聚乙烯醇（SA/NaAA/PVA）及海藻酸钠/丙烯酸钠/丙烯酰胺吸水性复合树脂。

The stable or unstable state of the montmorillonite-water dispersion is mainly effected by the properties of montmorillonite, water, and stabilizers as well as their interactions, while the type, the structure, the properties and the concentration of the stabilizer play dominate roles. Based on the molecular designing clues, this research selected three sulfonated copolymers as the stabilizers, i.e. the sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1propane sulfonate /acrylamide /disodium itaconate terpolymer, the AMPS/AM/N-vinyl pyrrolidone terpolymer and the sodium styrenesulfonate /IA copolymer. The preparation and characterization of the sulfonated copolymers were discussed, the high-temperature stability of the montmorillonitewater dispersion was characterized with the rheology, the filtration, the particle size distribution, the electrostatic properties, and the adorption of the sulfonated copolymers onto montmorillonite particles. At the same time, a systematic mechanism of the hightemperature stabilization of the dispersion was presented.

本文构筑了分子设计的思路，选取AMPS(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸钠)/AM/IA三元共聚物、AMPS/AM/NVP三元共聚物和SSA/IA二元共聚物等三种磺化共聚物作为蒙脱土-水分散体系的高温稳定剂，进行了磺化共聚物稳定剂的制备与表征；从流变学、滤失性能、粒度分布、电性质以及磺化共聚物在蒙脱土上的吸附作用等方面，对蒙脱土-水分散体系的高温稳定性进行了研究，考察了蒙脱土-水分散体系的高温稳定性能，同时提出了高温稳定机理。

Pit corrosion is a main kind of localized corrosion. The process of forming pit corrosion includes three stages-formation of pit source, development of pit cave and forming occluded corrosion cell. Molybdate series inhibitors can be inhibitive, for it can control three stages of pit development. First, there is apparent synergistic effect between molybdate and phosphate, which can suppress formation of pit source. Second, there is apparent passivation of molybdate inhibitor according to electrochemistry analysis, which let oxidation film in unoccluded cave repassivate.

首先，钼酸盐与磷酸盐或硅酸盐复配的缓蚀剂具有较理想的缓蚀性能，并且有明显的协同作用，从而能抑制部分点蚀核的产生；其次，钼酸盐复配缓蚀剂的使用，从电化学的角度分析，具有明显的钝化性能，且钝化区间较宽、维钝电流密度较小，从而能使未封闭的蚀孔或点蚀核附近的氧化膜再钝化，得到有效的修复；最后，对于还有部分蚀孔发展成为闭塞腐蚀电池的情况，钼酸盐、磷酸盐能进入蚀孔内部并且在酸性条件下生成铁钼磷酸盐，从而有效地减缓了点蚀的恶化，抑制了腐蚀的发展。

Aim:(1) The purpose of this study is to examine whether protein tyrosine kinase and AMPA receptor in the nucleus tractus solitarius and nucleus ambiguus were involved in the regulation of normoxia and hypoxia respiratory response by microinjection of PTK inhibitor and non-NMDA receptor antagonist;(2) To observe the change of number of phosphotyrosine immunopositive neurons in NTS and NA before and after hypoxia using immunohistochemical methods and whether tyrosine phosphorylation and GluR1 in postsynaptic membrane co-localize in NTS and NA neurons.

目的：(1)观察向家兔脑干孤束核或疑核内微量注射酪氨酸蛋白激酶阻断剂和谷氨酸AMPA受体阻断剂对常氧呼吸和低氧呼吸反应的影响，探讨PTK和AMPA受体在低氧呼吸反应中的作用。(2)观察低氧通气后NTS和NA磷酸化酪氨酸免疫阳性神经元的数量变化；观察磷酸化酪氨酸和AMPA受体亚单位GluR1在突触后膜共存的情况，推测在低氧呼吸反应中AMPA受体和PTK信号转导途径的关系。

In our studies, the behavioral sensitization animal models, including rats and mice, induced by morphine, methamphetamine or cocaine were established to investigate the effects of L-type calcium channel antagonists, mood stablers (lithium salts, valproate, and carbamazepine), and a novel mu-receptor partial agonist the morphine on development, transfer, and expression of behavioral sensitization.

本课题建立吗啡，甲基苯丙胺以及可卡因诱导的大、小鼠行为敏化模型。探讨了L-型钙通道阻滞剂，情绪稳定剂（锂盐，丙戊酸钠和卡马西平），以及新型μ受体部分激动剂噻吩诺啡对行为敏化形成，转化以及表达的影响。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。