酸值

The results show that the optimal parameters of esterification are as follows: 4% of SO42-/ZrO2, molar ratio of methanol to litsea cubeba kernel oil 101, 68 ℃ of reaction temperature and 4 h of reaction time, the acid value decreases to 2.52 mg/g. Compared with the traditional acidic-catalyzed method, this method has the advantages of no acid proof equipment, easy to recycle catalyst and no acidic waste water emission. The optimal parameters of transesterification are as follows: 25 ℃ of reaction temperature, 0.5% of hexadecyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide, 1% of NaOH, molar ratio of methanol to the oil 61 and 15 min of reaction time. The ester exchanging rate is 97.6%. This method adopts phase transfer catalyst and produces industry prospect, which has many advantages such as energy-saving and time-saving under room temperature.

研究结果表明，固体酸SO42-/ZrO2催化酯化反应的最佳条件为：油重4%的SO42-/ZrO2，醇油摩尔比为101，温度为68 ℃，反应时间为4 h，原油酸值降到2.52 mg/g；该法相对浓硫酸催化酯化法具有不需耐酸设备、催化剂易回收、无废水排放等优点；相转移催化酯交换反应的最佳条件为：温度为 25 ℃，0.5%的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵，油重1%的NaOH，醇油摩尔比为61，反应15 min，原油酯交换率达到97.6%；采用相转移催化技术，反应在常温下进行，大大减少了能耗，缩短了反应时间，具有的产业化前景。

The results showed that most of the microbes could be inactivated for the ultra high pressure treatment, the accumulation of total volatile basic nitrogen was restrained, and the change of pH value was delayed. The shelf life of white shrimp was prolonged with the enhancement of high pressure. High pressure treatment could make fresh shrimp with boiled flavor in some degree. Trements of 400 Mpa and 600 MPa aggravated blackening. However, melanotic reaction was not observed during the whole storage of shrimp treated by 700 MPa. High pressure could change the metabolizing of ATP and its metabolites, but did not impact the metabolic pathway of AMP decomposition.

结果表明：超高压处理可以有效地杀灭南美白对虾中绝大多数微生物，抑制贮藏过程中挥发性盐基氮的积累，延缓pH值的变化，从而延长南美白对虾的货架期，且处理压力越高延长效果越显著；超高压处理会给鲜虾带来不同程度上的煮熟虾的风味；400 MPa和600 MPa处理使虾在冷藏过程的黑变提前，而700 MPa处理可以完全抑制南美白对虾黑变现象的发生；超高压能够改变腺苷三磷酸及其代谢产物的代谢情况，但不影响腺苷酸的代谢途径。

Fumaric acid-containing wastewater was pre-treated by a method of microelectrolysis of iron and carbon , with the reaction time, pH value, temperature and ratio of iron to carbon studied.

采用铁炭微电解法预处理富马酸废水，研究了反应时间、pH值、温度、铁与炭的比例对预处理的影响，试验结果表明：当反应时间180min，铁炭比3∶1，反应温度313K时，CODCr去除率35。

The method is characterized in that:(1) the reflux of the 2-[N, N- 2amino]-3-cyano-group-4-thiopheneacetic-5-carboxylic acid tetra ester is carried out in the proper sodium hydroxide aqueous solution of alcohol for 5h to 6h and the pH value is kept over 10 during hydrolysis;(2) the ethanol of 20 per cent to 60 per cent is added and then the strontium chloride aqueous solution with 2times to 2.5times molal weight is directly added, precipitates the crystal, is filtered and dried;(3) water is added to carry out the reflux and the little salt packed in the crude product is removed, and the product is collected through heat filtration.

其特征在于：①将2--3-氰基-4-羧甲基噻吩-5-羧酸四酯在适量氢氧化钠水醇溶液中回流5～6小时，水解过程保持pH值10以上；②然后再加入20-60％乙醇，随后直接加入2-2.5倍摩尔量氯化锶水溶液，析出结晶，过滤，晾干；③加水回流，除去粗品中包裹少量盐，热过滤，收集产品。

Combining chemical complexation and physics extraction of monobasic and polybasic carboxylic acid, the universal liquid-liquid equilibrium model with clear physical meaning was successfully induced.

详细研究了萃取剂浓度、稀释剂浓度、水相pH值、温度和羧酸初始浓度等因素对络合萃取平衡的影响以及萃取剂的再生条件。

Logistic regression analysis and multiple factor variance analysis showed clearing degree and H2O2 concentration promoted HPV6.11/16.18 infection and speeded infection process. But pyocyte, mycetes, neuraminidase had no dependability with HPV6.11/16.18 infection.

Logistic回归和多因素方差分析结果表明，清洁度和H2O2浓度与HPV6.11/16.18感染和加速感染进程密切相关，与脓细胞、霉菌、唾液酸苷酶并无相关性。pH值、白细胞、霉菌、滴虫、线索细胞、白细胞酯酶与HPV6.11/16.18感染虽无相关性，但在引起HPV6.11/16.18感染方面起到重要作用。

Results the positive rate of hpv6.11,hpv16.18,hpv6.11/16.18 were 52（25.4%）、45（22.0%）、26（12.7%） respectivelys. logistic regression analysis and multiple factor variance analysis showed clearing degree and h2o2 concentration promoted hpv6.11/16.18 infection and speeded infection process. but pyocyte, mycetes, neuraminidase had no dependability with hpv6.11/16.18 infection.

结果 205例疑似尖锐湿疣感染患者检出hpv6.11、hpv16.18、hpv6.11/16.18阳性例数为52、45、26.logistic回归和多因素方差分析结果表明，清洁度和h2o2浓度与hpv6.11/16.18感染和加速感染进程密切相关，与脓细胞、霉菌、唾液酸苷酶并无相关性。ph值、白细胞、霉菌、滴虫、线索细胞、白细胞酯酶与hpv6.11/16.18感染虽无相关性，但在引起hpv6.11/16.18感染方面起到重要作用。

The nickelous chloride both may use in to galvanize, and is prepares the galvanization chemical thionamic acid nickel the important raw material, lead is affects the electronickelling quality a important attribute, in the present industry 331 ion exchange resin deleading effect still could not arrive in the electronickelling the lead content standard, used pocket weak basicity resin XSC312 after the screening experiment determination to take from the nickelous chloride solution intermediate ion exchange except the micro lead resin, inspected the material fluid pH value, the contact duration in the ionic exchange column to the ionic exchange adsorption lead influence, has determined the resin adsorption capacity and inspected the resin analysis performance.

氯化镍既可用于电镀，又是制备电镀化学品氨基磺酸镍的重要原料，其中的铅是影响电镀镍质量的一个重要因素，现行工业中的331离子交换树脂除铅效果尚不能到电镀镍中铅含量标准，经过筛选试验确定采用大孔弱碱性树脂XSC312作为从氯化镍溶液中离子交换除微量铅树脂，在离子交换柱中考察了料液pH值、接触时间对离子交换吸附铅的影响，测出了树脂的吸附容量并考察了树脂的解析性能。

Test solution of pyrogallic acid was prepared by adding formic acid as antionxidative stabilizer, thus the measuring instability due to the oxidability of pyrogallic acid was overcome.

通过加入甲酸作为焦性没食子酸试液的抗氧化保护剂，解决了由于试样的氧化而导致测定值不稳定的问题。

In acid pulp, the depressing abilities of reagents on diaspore are in the order of hydroxamic acid starch＞dialdehyde starch＞carboxymethyl starch＞cationic starch＞primary starch. In addition, hydroxamic acid starch and carboxymethyl starch can activate kaolinite without influence on the recoveries of pyrophyllite and illite, so the two reagents have great potential and prospect to be the depressant of diaspore and the activator of kaolinite in bauxite reverse flotation.(3) By oximation of the copolymer of acrylamide and methyl acrylate, hydroxamic acid polyacrylamide is synthesized.

3对丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物肟化制得氧肟酸聚丙烯酰胺，将它同非离子聚丙烯酰胺、阴离子聚丙烯酰胺、阳离子聚丙烯酰胺和两性聚丙烯酰胺分别应用于四种矿物的单矿物浮选试验，结果显示，改性聚丙烯酰胺对一水硬铝石、高岭石和伊利石均具有活化作用，其中，药剂对高岭石的活化最强，使它的回收率在整个pH值范围达到80％左右，在一定pH条件下超过一水硬铝石的回收率，解决了高岭石难浮选的问题。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。