酸价

In acid and alkali soil, there are mainly indissoluble bivalent or trivalent phosphates, which cannot be utilized by plants.

在酸碱性土壤中，磷主要以植物难以吸收利用的难溶性二价或三价阳离子的形式存在。

The invention relates to a method for making oligomeric isocyanates by reacting diisocyanates in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a saline compound prepared from an anion selected from 1,2,3- or 1,2,4-triazole, a substituted species of 1,2,3- or 1,2,4-triazole and carbocyclically and/or heterocyclically annellated species of 1,2,3- or 1,2,4-triazole and the cation selected from an alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal and/or monovalent ammonium cation and/or phosphonium cation of formula (5), wherein the E, R1, R2, R3, R4 are as defined in the descriotion.

本发明涉及一种制备低聚异氰酸酯的方法，包括二异氰酸酯在催化剂的存在下进行反应，其中所述催化剂由盐化合物组成，该盐化合物由选自1，2，3-或1，2，4-三唑、1，2，3-或1，2，4-三唑的取代系列者、1，2，4-三唑的碳环稠合系列者、1，2，3-或1，2，4-三唑的杂环稠合系列者的化合物及其混合物的阴离子和选自碱金属、碱土金属和/或通式(5)的一价铵阳离子和/或磷友衾胱拥难衾胱又票福其中E、R 1 、R 2 、R 3 和R 4 如说明书中所定义。

Cyclic voltammetry indicated that there were Cr→Cr, Cr →Cr oxidation reaction on anode, while there were Cr→Cr, Cr→Cr, Cr →Cr deoxidization reaction on cathode. The graphite electrodes treated by acid and heating could enhance the reversibility and kinetic of the electrode reaction. The nature graphite electrodes had been eroded during charge/discharge process, while the graphite electrodes by activation could avoide corroding by hexad chromium ion. The reversibility and kinetic of the electrode reaction of chromium ion on activation electrode had been increased, so which indicated that graphite surface augment oxygenous function corps which could increase electrode hydrophile capability.

循环伏安实验表明：铬液流电池的电极反应非常复杂，在阳极存在Cr→Cr，Cr→Cr的氧化反应，在阴极存在Cr→Cr，Cr→Cr，Cr→Cr的还原反应；热处理的石墨电极和重铬酸钾处理的石墨电极能提高电极反应的活性和可逆性；在充放电实验中未处理的石墨电极发生严重腐蚀；分别用这两种方法处理过的石墨电极具有防止六价铬侵蚀的功能；铬离子在活化处理过的石墨电极上的反应活性和可逆性增加，可以认为：重铬酸钾溶液活化处理和加热处理后的石墨表面的含氧官能团增加，电极亲水性增强。

It includes the following steps: extract trivalent iron ion and divalent iron ion in water phase through organic extractant, get predecessor of; absterge it with secondary distilled water for2-3 times and get pure load metal predecessor of organic phase; mix organic phase of Mg2 and Fe3 with mol rate of 1:2 and introduce them into autoclave, add distilled water according to the rate of 3:1 or 4:1 of organic phase and water phase and airproof it, and then mix it fiercely, stripping with hydrothermal method at temperature between 200 degree C and 300 degree C and make them react for 2.5 hours; cool it to the room temperature under natural condition, separate liquid and centrifugalize it, absterge it with absolute alcohol for 2-3 times and dry it at temperature of 50 degree C for 30-180 minutes, then get product of magnesium ferrite.

包括如下步骤：通过有机萃取剂来萃取水相中的三价铁离子和二价镁离子，制得有机相前驱物；用二次蒸馏水洗涤2-3次，获得纯净的负载金属有机相前驱物；按照Mg 2 和Fe 3 摩尔比1∶2将有机相混合均匀后引入高压釜中，按照有机相与水相的比例为3∶1或4∶1加入蒸馏水，密封后，对溶液进行强力搅拌，水热反萃的温度在200-300℃之间反应2.5小时；自然冷却至室温，分液，离心分离，用无水乙醇洗涤2-3次，在50℃下干燥30-180分钟，得铁酸镁产品。

In part one, the reactions of some active fluorine-containing compounds such as 2, 2-dihydropolyfluoroalkanoic acids and ethyl 2-hydropolyfluoroalkenoates were studied and various fluorine-containing heterocyclic compounds were synthesized. Using 2, 2-dihydropolyfluoroalkanoic acids as the starting material, 4-fluoroalkyl quinolin-2-ols, 2- [ -1-hydropolyfluoro-1-alkenyl] -4H-3, 1-benzoxazin-4-ones, 1-aryl -4, 9-dihydro-3-fluoro-alkyl-1H-pyrazo [3, 4-b] quinolin-4-ones, 5-fluoroalkyl-12H-quin olino [2, 1-b] quinazolin-12-ones, 4-fluoroalkyl-1, 3-dihydro-1, 5-benzodiazepin-2-ones and 4-fluoroalkyl-2H-pyrido [1, 2-a] pyrimidin-2-ones were synthesized through its condensation reaction with anilines, anthranilic acid, N'-aryl-o-aminobenzamides, o-nitro aniline, o-amino pyridine and their derivatives and the subsequent transformations. 5-Fluoroalkyl isoxazolidines, 3-fluoro-3-fluoroalkylisoxazolidino [4, 3-c] quinolin-4-ones, 3-fluoroalkylisoxazolino [4, 3-c] quinolin-4-ones and 2-aryl-3per fluoroacylindoles were synthesized by inter-and intramolecular 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition of fluorine-containing olefins and nitrones.

第二部分，我们研究了α，α-二氟苄基卤类化合物的亚磺化脱卤反应、产物的转化及全氟烷基亚磺酸盐与芳环化合物的全氟烷基化反应，发现全氟苄基碘或溴及α，α一二氟苄基溴在保险粉等亚磺化脱卤试剂引发下可生成相应的亚磺酸盐；全氟苄基亚磺酸盐与氯气或溴反应可生成全氟苄基磺酰氯或磺酰溴；在烯烃存在下，全氟苄基碘则与烯烃发生加成反应，生成相应的1：1加成产物；在三价醋酸锰的作用下，部分芳香化合物如茴香醚，二甲氧基苯，吡啶，喹啉等可以和过量的全氟烷基亚磺酸盐发生双全氟烷基化反应，反应表现出一定的区域选择性，产率良好。

For pre-selection of iron compounds that ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride, ferrous fumarate, carbonyl iron, amino acid chelated iron, iron asporotate, fenic chloride and ferric pyrophosphate were added in reconstituted skim milk to undergo in vitro digestion, respectively, and then the selected iron compounds were added in reconstituted whole milk to compare the iron bioavailability by estimating dialyzable ferrous iron, dialyzable total iron, nondialyzable and total ferrous iron, respectively.

取硫酸亚铁、反丁烯二酸亚铁、氯化亚铁、艰基铁、Iron asporotate、Amino acid chelated iron、氯化铁与焦磷酸铁等不同铁剂添加於脱脂还原乳中进行体外消化试验，並筛选生物利用性佳之铁剂分别添加於全脂还原乳中，以可透析二价铁、可透析总铁、未透析二价铁及总二价铁等作为评估之指標。

In this paper, the thermally reversible crosslinking reaction and the properties of synthesized TPE based on the reactions of chlorine containing polymers such as PVC , chlorined polyethylene , epichlorohydrin rubber and acrylic rubber with salts of dicyclopenladienyl dicarboxylate crosslinking agents were studied.

本研究以环戊二烯二酸盐衍生物作热可逆共价交联剂，通过与聚氯乙烯、氯化聚乙烯、氯醚橡胶和丙烯酸酯橡胶等含氯聚合物的脱MX酯化反应来实现共价关联，并制取相应的新型TPE。

Forbidden-band-width of mono-clinic phase of bismuth vanadate (mBiVO4) is high enough to 2.3-2.4 eV, it could be valence band to carry out entirely that hole band degrade organic pollutants,and the conduction band possesses high oxidizability to make for reduction of photoinduced electron,and oxidation potential of its valence band with 2.4 eV nearby could achieve decomposition of water and degradation of organic pollutants under visible light.

单斜晶相钒酸铋(mBiVO4)的禁带宽度为2.3 - 2.4 eV，它足够高的价带完全可以实现空穴对有机污染物的降解，并且导带位置也有利于光生电子的还原，具有较高的氧化能力，且其价带氧化电位位于2.4 eV附近，可实现在可见光下分解水和降解有机污染物。本文综述了mBiVO4应用于降解污染物、光解水产氧以及光电化学分解水的研究概况，及其在光催化降解有机物等领域的应用前景。

In order to prevent the acid sludge forming during acidizing treatment for Putaohua formation in Daqing peripheral oilfield, the research on colloid and bitumen in oil, acid system, ferric ion and anti -sludge agent has been carried out to determine the possibility of sludge forming.

从立足于研究大庆外围葡萄花油层原油防止酸渣形成的方法入手，从原油胶质沥青质、酸液类型、三价铁离子和各种类型的抗渣剂等方面，考察了大庆外围葡萄花油层的原油与酸接触，形成酸渣的可能性。

The removal of arsenic from solution has relied mostly on precipitation and adsorption processes and it has been considered that arsenic is the oxidation state that leads to the most effective removal by precipitation since the simple metal arsenates generally have lower solubility than the arsenites, and also arsenate is more strongly adsorbed on certain substrates, but this is pH dependent.

从溶液中去除砷主要依赖沉淀和吸附过程，并且要考虑+5价砷是氧化态，会导致通过沉淀最有效去除砷，因为简单的金属砷酸盐比亚砷酸盐一般有更低的溶解度，并且砷酸盐在特定情况下有更强的吸附能力，但是这取决于 pH 值。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。