酶类

EST similarity analysis was finished by comparing sequences with BLASTx searches in NCBI. The results showed that they are proteins involved in biological processes such as energy metabolism and RNA molecular level regulation. Some of them are enzymes and structural proteins in the cell. This study provides useful information for future studies on molecular mechanism of filament coloring and for breeding new silkworm variety that spin color cocoons.

通过BLAST比对和对所得表达序列标签的同源分析表明，这些基因主要涉及能量代谢因子、RNA分子水平相关调节因子、酶类、结构蛋白等，由此初步探明了参与黄血基因协同作用的相关基因表达蛋白的种类和数量，可为进一步研究蚕茧着色的分子机制及通过遗传选择培育天然有色茧品种提供基础信息。

The paper studied the changes of active oxygen species and related enzymes activities in petal during different stages of two peony tree cultivars.

研究牡丹开花和衰老期间活性氧含量和清除活性氧酶类活性的变化情况。

In this paper, we studied M. meretrix ferritin, cathepsin B and caspase genes, which are involved in clam larval shell formation, nutrition, metabolism and apoptosis, respectively. We have cloned the three genes, investigated the temporal and spatial expression profile both at gene and protein level in trochophore (L1), D-veliger (L2), pediveliger (L3) and postlarvae (L4). The potential roles of these proteins were analyzed with specific inhibitors during larval development. Firstly, embryos were found developed into trochophore-like larvae with no shell if cultured at gastrula stage in artificial seawater without iron. Shell-like structures were formed only in the presence of iron. The larvae which had been transferred at L1 stage into ASW developed normal shell. This indicated that iron and iron associated protein are important for larval shell formation. The EST sequence which is homologous with ferritin, which is a principal iron metabolic protein, was selected from the M. meretrix cDNA library. The full-length of ferritin subunit cDNA was cloned by RACE. The results of real-time PCR revealed that the MmeFer mRNA expression changed before and after the larval shell formation.

本论文以文蛤幼虫为研究对象，分别对文蛤幼虫发育过程中贝壳形成相关的铁蛋白、营养及变态相关的组织蛋白酶B及变态过程中细胞凋亡相关的caspase三个基因进行了克隆，分析了基因及编码蛋白在担轮幼虫期(L1)、D形幼虫期(L2)、壳顶幼虫期(L3)和稚贝期(L4)的时空表达特征，解析了其可能的功能，并研究了相应酶类的特异性抑制剂作用对幼虫发育过程的影响，进行了目标蛋白的功能验证，详述如下：研究结果显示，在文蛤胚胎发育到原肠胚时放入不含铁离子的人工海水中培养，发育成无壳的畸形，随着人工海水中铁离子添加浓度的升高，幼虫长出壳状组织接近正常状态；而发育到L1期幼虫放入不含铁离子的人工海水中培养却可以发育出正常的壳，推测铁和铁代谢相关蛋白在幼虫贝壳初始形成有重要的作用。

Results showed that all the three sweet sorghum varieties contained plentiful sugar, which can provide enough carbon source for alcohol fermentation, however, total nitrogen and some mineral elements（Fe3＋）cannot meet the needs of alcohol fermentation. Activity of most microbes in stalk juice can be inhibited and the sugar can be maintained when the stalk juice was condensed to 4～5 times. Due to the reasons that the activity of acetous microbe or hydrolysis enzyme inside stalk juice can be maintained, ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar was increased with storage time at 55～60℃,0.15 MPa vacuum condensed condition, which can be beneficial for the purpose of alcohol fermentation.

结果表明，三个品种都含有丰富的糖分，可以为酵母菌发酵制取酒精提供良好的碳源，但总氮和某些矿物质元素（如：Fe3＋）不能满足酒精酵母的营养需要；甜高粱茎秆汁浓缩至4～5倍时，可以抑制汁液中大多数微生物的活动，使其中糖分不受损失；在试验设定的真空浓缩工艺条件下（55～60℃，0.15 MPa）甜高粱茎秆汁中产酸微生物或水解酶类仍保持活性，使得还原糖占总糖的比率随贮藏时间延长而升高，这有利于酒精发酵。

Superoxide dismutaseis an important antioxygenic enzyme in Bombyx mandarina.

超氧化物歧化酶是野桑蚕保护酶体系的重要酶类。

The neutrophils release proteases, including neutrophil elastase, that eventually overwhelm the antiprotease capacity of the lung and cleave structural proteins, leading to bronchiectasis.

另外，中性粒细胞释放蛋白酶类，包括中性粒细胞弹力蛋白酶，它能对抗肺组织的抗蛋白酶作用，分解结构蛋白，导致支气管扩张。

Background Arylamine N-acetyltransferase-1 (NAT1) is a polymorphically expressed enzyme that is widely distributed throughout the body.

背景：N-乙酰基转移酶1(NAT1)是广泛分布于人体内呈多态性表达的酶类。

This paper was studied on soybean waste with Aspergill usniger, Candida Utilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by mixed culture solid-state fermentation.

目前，从国内外的开发生产来看，绝大多数采用微生物发酵豆渣的方法，在发酵过程中微生物产生纤维素酶等多种酶类，而使豆渣富有活性，减少了豆渣含水量，增加了豆渣干物质含量，提高豆渣质量。

Especially in the production of inflammatory molecules:proinfiammatory cytokines,chemokines,degradative enzymes,adhesion molecules and others.

其中以在炎症方面作用最为突出：促炎因子、趋化因子、降解酶类、生长因子、粘附分子以及其它炎症因子的产生都依赖p38通路的调节。

Malt extract, kolbach index, diastatic power and malt viscosity are the major traits closely related to the quality of malt barley, and they themselves are dominantly affected by carbohydrates, protein content and their components, and the relevant enzymes in grains.

麦芽浸出率、糖化力、库尔巴哈值、粘度值、蛋白质和β-葡聚糖含量是衡量啤酒大麦品质的主要指标，而β-葡聚糖酶、β-淀粉酶等一些水解酶类又与上述品质性状密切相关。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。