酶的

The final acidity of yogurt ferment by the two bacteria was 57.65 T and 54.43 T respectively.Because the -galactosidase produce by starter is a endoenzyme it must abstract after the cell wall broken. This experiment compare the different method of cell wall broken and research on the influence of temperature and time on condition of cell wall broken.

由于发酵剂菌种产生的糖代谢酶，β-半乳糖苷酶是胞内酶，通过对渗透压破壁和不同浓度的氯仿和甲苯两种有机溶剂破壁方法的比较，以及破壁所需温度和时间的研究，确定采用5％氯仿，45℃保温8～12h对菌体进行破壁，β-半乳糖苷酶的活力采用AOAC提出的标准进行测定。

The major results of this proposal are as follows:(1) ABA induces a rapid, substantial accumulation of apoplastic H2O2 in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of maize leaves, and the accumulation of apoplastic H2O2 is involved in the induction of the chloroplastic and cytosolic antioxidant enzymes.(2) ABA-induced H2O2 production activates a 46 kDa MAPK, which in turn induces the expression of antioxidant genes and up-regulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The activation of MAPK also enhances H2O2 production, forming a positive amplification loop.(3) Water stress also induces the activation of a 46 kDa MAPK, which is dependent on the accumulation of ABA and H2O2 production induced by water stress and involved in the up-regulation of the expression and the activities of antioxidant enzymes.(4) ABA-induced H2O2 production mediates NO generation, which in turn activates a 46 kDa MAPK and results in the up-regulation in the expression and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in ABA signaling. NO-independent signaling is also involved in ABA- and H2O2-induced antioxidant defense.

本项目的主要研究结果如下：（1）ABA诱导的H2O2产生主要出现在叶肉细胞与维管束鞘细胞的质外体中，质外体H2O2的积累能够上调叶绿体与细胞溶质中抗氧化酶的活性；（2）ABA诱导的H2O2产生活化一个46kDa的MAPK，由此而导致编码抗氧化防护酶基因的表达与酶活性的上调；而MAPK的活化也能增强H2O2的产生，从而形成一个正的反馈调节环；（3）水分胁迫也能诱导一46kDa MAPK活化，这一MAPK活化依赖于水分胁迫诱导的ABA积累以及H2O2的产生，同时参与水分胁迫诱导的抗氧化防护基因的表达与抗氧化酶活性的上调；（4）ABA诱导一个依赖于H2O2的NO产生，NO活化一个46kDa的MAPK，从而导致抗氧化防护基因的表达以及抗氧化酶活性的上调；同时一个不依赖于NO的信号转导途径也存在于ABA诱导的抗氧化防护过程中。

Aspergillus WQ is selected to explore the factors which affect producing enzymes. The best carbon source is crystallitic cellulose+straw powder, the best nitrogen source is peptone+yeast abstract cream, the best growing temperature is 35℃and the best initial pH is 5.5. WQ can produce the largest quantity of enzymes after being cultivated eight days.

从50℃左右牛粪自然堆肥中筛选了一株产酶量较高的曲霉WQ，对影响其产纤维素酶的因素和酶的热稳定性进行了初步研究，结果表明：液体发酵时，该菌最佳碳源是微晶纤维素+稻草粉组成的复合碳源，最佳氮源是蛋白胨+酵母膏的复合氮源，最适生长温度为35℃，最适起始pH值为5.5，在生长第8天产酶量最高。

However, the lack of a large number of and low cost laccases has become one of the most important obstacles to commercial application. And one of main solutions to this problem is heterologous expression of a laccase gene.

但是缺少大量廉价的酶源供应阻碍了漆酶商业化的应用，解决这个问题的一个主要方法就是通过漆酶的异源表达来获得大量的漆酶。

The influence of three kinds of heavy metal on the activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase,catalase and the contents of malondialdehyde, soluble protein and chlorophyll of Lemna minor was investigated.

对水体中主要的3种重金属对青萍抗氧化酶系统的几种酶，包括过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶的活性，丙二醛的含量，可溶性蛋白含量及叶绿体色素含量等指标的影响进行了研究。

This method conformed the following conditions: spleen phosphodiesterase and micrococcal nulcease for digesting reagent and the concentration, temperature and digesting time of the two enzymes;the components of p32-post label alleviant and labeling time;the concentration of p1 nuclease; the concentration of T4 polynucleotide kinase for catalysing and labeling reagent;the components of bidirectional spreader and the spreading time ,etc.

确定了采用脾磷酸二酯酶和微球菌核酸酶消化底物以及两种酶的使用浓度、温度及消化时间；确定了P32标记缓冲液的主要成分及标记时间；确定了P1核酸酶的浓度；确定了T4多核苷酸激酶催化标记底物的浓度；确定了双向展开剂的主要成分及展开时间等。

Detect with Western Blot protein of MAb counterpoise form and the natural phosphoric acid is enzymatic reactivity in the cell, obtain 6 individual plant to be able to be stabilized in all secrete the individual plant of cross tumour cell that fights phosphoric acid enzymatic MAb, go enzymaticly to study double particularity phosphoric acid further phosphation action mechanism and its activation formerly in mitosis way of enzymatic signal of albumen phosphoric acid turns guide provide strong tool.

用Western blot检测mAb对重组蛋白和细胞中天然磷酸酶的反应性，共获得6株可稳定分泌抗磷酸酶mAb的杂交瘤细胞株，为进一步探究双特异性磷酸酶的去磷酸化功能机理以及其在有丝分裂原激活蛋白磷酸酶信号途径中的信号转导提供强有力的工具。

Based on the fact that aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is a bona fide drug target for several microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, it is plausible that it may also be effective target of Trypanosoma. In this report, the Trypanosoma brucei Leucyl-tRNA synthetase was cloned , expressed and purified to develop an in vitro enzymatic assay system.

根据亮氨酰tRNA合成酶在微生物中可作为药物靶点的事实，在新型抗锥虫药物筛选中，通过对锥虫的亮氨酰tRNA合成酶的克隆、表达和纯化，以及该酶活性测定的优化，建立了该酶抑制物的筛选系统。

Using VMD software, we performed both structure and sequence analysis based on STAMP (Structural Alignment of Multiple Proteins) among lysozymes of four species: human, chicken, dog and mouse. The result represented that lysozymes of human and chicken have the highest similarities. Our results also demonstrate that the corresponding residues of Ile56 and Asp67 in chicken and human lysozyme have a highly structural conservation.

本研究基于STAMP结构比对算法，使用VMD软件主要从结构角度比较了人、鸡、狗、鼠四种脊椎动物溶菌酶的相似程度及亲缘关系，结果发现鸡的溶菌酶与人的溶菌酶结构最相似，亲缘关系最接近，并且人和鸡的溶菌酶的第56位和第67位两个残基位点在结构上高度保守。

The results show that during the development of the oriental tobacco leaves, the activity of acid invertase was decreased; the changes of GS reached its peak in the 20dans in Samsun, but in the 30dans in Basma and Canik ;the activity of PAL was decreased in the 30dans; The content of total nitrogen was decreased with the mature leaves, but nicotine、total carbon and soluble total sugar were increased. Different varieties, carbon and nitrogen metabolism key enzyme activity and the content of metabolites were different.

结果表明，在香料烟叶片发育过程中，酸性转化酶的活性均呈下降趋势；谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性Samsun品种在20d叶龄时最高，而Basma和Canik在30d叶龄时最高；苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性均表现为30d时最低；随着叶片成熟总氮含量降低，烟碱含量升高，总碳、可溶性总糖随着叶片成熟其含量呈升高趋势；品种不同，碳氮代谢关键酶的活性及代谢产物的含量变化均有很大差异。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。