酶促作用

In addition, adsorption of the pesticide on kieselguhr decreased "free pesticides", which also enhanced the enantioselectivity of hydrolysis of 2,4-DP.

此外，硅藻土吸附作用对农药底物的束缚引起处于"自由状态"的底物减少，也使酶促反应的对映体选择性略有增强。

Effect of kieselguhr on enantioselectivity of enzymatic hydrolysis of chiral dichlorprop methyl ester (2,4-DP) has been specifically studied by chiral gas chromatography.

利用手性气相色谱技术研究了硅藻土吸附作用对-2，4-二氯苯氧丙酸甲酯(2，4-DP)酶促水解对映体选择性的影响。

The X-ray structures of the crystals of bovine pancreatic β- trypsin soaked with amylamine as a probe were studied and compared in cydohexane and aqueous solution, respectively.

巫广腾；黄其辰；朱广宇；钱民协；唐有祺摘要：丝氨酸蛋白酶是有机溶媒中研究酶促反应的主要对象之一。其中的胰蛋白酶在生物体内有重要的作用，对其抑制剂如苯甲脒衍生物的研究可应用于治疗很多疾病。

Within the range of 200mg/L—1000mg/L, the more the initial concentrations of ABA, the more the decolorize velocity of it. The functional relationships between specific growth rate of N1 and temperature, degradation rate of ABA and temperature were constructed, respectively.

通过测定菌株的生长曲线和降解曲线，表明N1菌株的菌体生长和溴氨酸的降解过程是同步进行的；N1菌株对溴氨酸的脱色作用是酶促降解反应的结果，脱色酶需经溴氨酸诱导产生；在一定浓度范围内（200mg/L—1000mg/L），随着溴氨酸浓度的增加，其脱色速度逐渐变慢。

Taking Shewanella and Geobacter as examples, this paper reviewed three kinds of possible mechanisms of microbial enzyme-catalyzed dissimilatory Fe reduction and its molecular regulation, i.e., direct contact between microbial cell and Fe oxides, siderrophores, and electron shuttling compounds. Many membrane-bound cytochrome proteins are involved in the dissimilatory Fe reduction, forming a complicated regulation network.

以希瓦氏菌和地杆菌为例，本文综述了3种异化Fe还原的酶促反应机制及其分子调控机理：异化Fe还原菌与Fe氧化物直接接触机制、电子穿梭体的作用机制、铁载体作用机制，多种膜蛋白特别是多血红素的细胞色素蛋白参与微生物的异化Fe还原过程，并形成复杂的调控网络。

Last results showed that desiccation and priming could make the membrane structure to be preserved and restored. Many kinds of substances protect the membrane structure, such as soluble sugars, proteins, amphiphilic molecules, calcium ion, polyamine and other radical cleared system of nonenzyme katalyst, etc. These protective substances cooperate together to stabilize the structure of membrane lipids and proteins, and to keep the integrality of membrane structure, so the membrane function can exert normally and seed vigor can be improved.

研究表明，超干和引发处理可使膜结构得到保持与修复，很多种类的物质参与了膜结构的保护，例如可溶性糖、蛋白质、两性分子、Ca2+、多胺及其他非酶促自由基清除系统等，保护物质协同作用，稳定膜脂及膜蛋白的结构，保持膜系统的完整性，使膜功能得以正常发挥，强化了种子活力。

Last results showed that desiccation and pruning could make the membrane structure to be preserved and restored. Many kinds of substances protect the membrane structure, such as soluble sugars, proteins, amphiphilic molecules, calcium ion, polyamine and other radical cleared system of nonenzyme katalyst, etc. These protective substances cooperate together to stabilize the structure of membrane lipids and proteins, and to keep the integrality of membrane structure, so the membrane function can exert normally and seed vigor can be improved.

研究表明，超干和引发处理可使膜结构得到保持与修復，很多种类的物质参与了膜结构的保护，例如可溶性糖、蛋白质、两性分子、Ca(上標 2+)、多胺及其他非酶促自由基清除系统等，保护物质协同作用，稳定膜脂及膜蛋白的结构，保持膜系统的完整性，使膜功能得以正常发挥，强化了种子活力。

The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

Transport of oxaloacetate Oxaloacetate, the product of the first step in gluconeogenesis, must leave the mitochondrion and enter the cytosol where the subsequent enzyme steps take place.

草酰乙酸的运输在糖异生作用中，第一部产物草酰乙酸必须离开线粒体并进入胞质溶胶，在胞质溶胶中进行以后的酶促反应步骤。

Zuoqing in the low temperature, you can retain more alcohol and the second methionine Aoba, can be a new tea; enzymatic oxidation also part of the protein broken down into amino acids by the oxidation of carbohydrate in the formation of different amino acids, such as sulfur acid 100, malic acid, the composition of the aromatic substances; Pro quinone drag caused by ammonia and amino acid carboxyl drag to form a ketone; carotene form of oxidative degradation are also some aroma.

在低温的做青中，可保留较多的青叶醇和二甲硫，可呈现新茶香；酶促氧化作用亦使部分蛋白质分解成氨基酸糖类物质经氧化形成不同的氨基酸，如琉百酸，苹果酸，组成了芳香物质；临醌引起氨基酸的拖氨和拖羧，形成酮类；胡萝卜素的氧化降解也形成一些香气。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。