酰化

Teflubenzuron was synthesized from 2,4-difluoronitrobenzene and 2,6-dichlobenil as starting reagent through six-step reaction with the yield of 75.3%.3,5-Dichloro-2,4-difluoroaniline was synthesized by chlorination,reduction reaction from 2,4-difluoronitrobenzene,the yield was 84.5%;2,6-difluorobenzamide with the yield of 87.7% was synthesized by fluoridation and hydrolysis from 2,6-dichlobenil.

以2，4-二氟硝基苯和2，6-二氯苯腈为起始原料，经过6步反应合成伏虫隆，总收率为75.3%。以2，4-二氟硝基苯为原料，经过氯化、还原反应合成3，5-二氯-2，4-二氟苯胺，产率为84.5%；以2，6-二氯苯腈为原料，经过氟化和水解，制得2，6-二氟苯甲酰胺，产率为87.7%；将Ⅱ与二碳酸酯酰化，合成2，6-二氟苯甲酰异氰酸酯，产率为91.3%；Ⅲ与Ⅰ加成，得到杀虫剂伏虫隆，产率为95%。

Methods 4-Hydroxybenzonitrile (2) as the starting material was transformed to 4-hydroxy-thiobenzamide (3) via thioformylation. And ethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate (4), which was synthesized via cyclization from 3, was treated with hexamethylenetetramine to generate the intermediate ethyl 2-(3-formyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate (5). The target compound febuxostat (1) was obtained from 5 by etherification, cyanidation, hydrolysis.

以羟基苯腈为原料，经硫代甲酰化得到对羟基硫代苯甲酰胺(3)，3经环合得到2-（4-羟基苯基）－4-甲基－噻唑－5-羧酸乙酯(4)，4与乌洛托品反应，得到中间体2-（3-甲酰基－4-羟基苯基）－4-甲基－噻唑－5-羧酸乙酯(5)，之后再经醚化、氰化、水解得到目标产物(1)。

Besides,through Arbuzov reaction,Vilsmer-Haack Hydroformylation,Wittig-Horner reaction,nitryl hydrogenation deoxidize,and imidization five steps synthesized another compound which included hole-transporting,electron-transporting and luminescence materials.

此外，又通过Arbuzov反应、Vilsmer-Haack甲酰化反应、Wittig-Horner反应生成二苯乙烯、硝基加氢还原、酰亚胺化5步反应合成了一种集空穴传输-电子传输-发射三位一体的新型苝酰亚胺化合物。

ABSTRACT Immobilized penicillin acylase (from E.coli) was used to catalyze 7 phenylacetamido 3 E propenyl cephalosporanic acid hydrolyzation into 7 amino 3 E propenyl cephalosporanic acid. Then, trans APRA was acylated with hydroxyethyl ester of 4 hydroxy D phenylglycine to obtain trans cefprozil.

以7 苯乙酰氨基 3 E 丙烯基 3 头孢菌素 4 羧酸为原料，在青霉素酰化酶作用下，首先酶法水解得到3 E 丙烯基 3 头孢菌素 4 羧酸，过滤固相酶，滤液调pH分离得到反式APRA固体；在青霉素酰化酶作用下，反式APRA再与对羟基苯甘氨酸乙二醇酯缩合，得到反式头孢丙烯；酶法合成所得的产品与进口反式头孢丙烯对照品一致。

In general, the phosphoamino acid esters were unable to transfer their phosphoryl group to other hydroxyl nucleophiles even with the presence of imidazole, but the N-phosphoserine and threonine esters were two exceptions.

二、测定了部分磷酰化D—氨基酸的磷酰基转移反应速率常数，并对外消旋化合物的酯交换反应进行了旋光度跟踪，发现磷酰化丝、苏氨酸的对映体有明显的区别。

In the study of peptide formation from phosphoryl aspartic acid with ethyl alanine, the N-phosphoryl peptide ester was isolated and identified by 1D and 2D NMR. It was found that only α-dipeptide ester, no β-dipeptide ester, was formed in the reaction.

实验发现N-磷酰化极性氨基酸在没有活化剂、缩合剂的水溶液中能够发生成肽反应，且生成的磷酰化二肽具有方向性：成肽产物的N端氨基酸来自N-磷酰化氨基酸，成肽反应发生在其C端。

Amino to acetyl phenol, in have technology of two kinds of production domestic and internationally, acetic anhydride craft of the United States, acyl changes temperature to have 75 ℃ only, acyl changes mother liquor not apply mechanically, deputy reaction is little, of production thick tasting is kind of white almost, purificatory craft is very simple, activated carbon dosage only 2~3%, the Kun that its product does not have glow material almost in different third alcohol inferior the sealed impurity of amine impurity and minim, settleclear lightness it may not be a bad idea, the product quality that acetic anhydride craft produces is good, but close rate low, cost is high.

对乙酰氨基酚，在国内外有两种生产工艺，美国的醋酐工艺，酰化温度只有75℃，酰化母液不套用，副反应少，生产的粗品几乎是类白色，精制工艺就非常简单，活性炭用量仅2~3%，其产品在异丙醇中几乎无红光物质的醌亚胺杂质及微量的未知杂质，澄明度也好，醋酐工艺生产的产品质量好，但收率低、成本高。

A series of 2-oxocyclododecyl sulfonylurea s have been synthesized from 2-oxocyclododecylsulfonamide via acylation of phenyl chloroformate and amination.

以环十二酮为起始原料，经磺化反应制备得到2-氧代环十二烷基磺酸盐B，B经过氯化和胺解反应制备得到2-氧代环十二烷基磺酰胺C，C经过苯氧酰化与胺解反应后合成了10个新的2-氧代环十二烷基磺酰脲类化合物D，它们的结构通过了1HNMR和IR的确证。

Gemini surfactant, sodium oleoylamidodiphenyl ether disulfonate was synthesized from p-nitrodiphenylether,oleoyl choride and chlorosulphonic acid through nitro-group reduction,acylation and sulphonation.

以对硝基二苯醚、油酸酰氯、氯磺酸为主要原料，通过硝基还原反应、胺基酰化反应、磺化反应，合成了双子表面活性剂油酸酰胺基二苯醚双磺酸钠；并用IR，1HNMR，MS对产品及中间体结构进行了表征。

Spiral Spirobifluorene acetylated is oxidated by m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid and hydrolyzed by sodium hydroxide ,obtaining 2,2 '- dihydroxy -9,9'- spiral Spirobifluorene .Through nitrification,Reduced by hydrazine hydrate, we may get the 2,2 '- diamino -9,9'- spiral Spirobifluorene which are characterizated by IR, 1H-NMR !

L-酒石酸和乙醇酯化得到酒石酸二乙酯，将保护羧基保护起来，然后用碘甲烷在2，3-位上两个甲基，得到2，3-二甲氧基-酒石酸二乙酯，再用氢氧化钠将其水解，得到2，3-二甲氧基-酒石酸，用五氯化磷将羧基酰化，得到2，3-二甲氧基- 1，4-丁二酰氯，经过与二环己胺反应，得到拆分配体2，3-二甲氧基–N，N，N'，N'-四环己丁二酰胺。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。