酰亚胺

For the advantages of mild reaction conditions,DDC condensation method and acyl chloride esterification method are much more popular.

由于具有反应条件温和的优点，二环己基碳二亚胺脱水缩合法和酰氯酯化法是目前国内外最常用的两种方法。

Compared with aurum, palladium and platinum as seeds, Silver is much cheaper and lower pollutional and can also activate electroless plating, although it is still rarely investigated.

我们采用激光诱导化学镀技术在聚酰亚(来源：ABC论文1313网www.abclunwen.com)胺薄膜表面上用四种方法选择性沉积金属银作为活化种，然后进行化学镀从而在聚酰亚胺表面上沉积上图形化的铜镀层。

Methods GAMP was activated with cyanogen bromide and combined with 1, 6-adipic acid dihydrazide. The prepared polysaccharide derivative GAMP-ADH was coupled to recombinant protein Pep10 with N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride.

GAMP经溴化氰活化后，共价接合己二酰肼手臂，在碳二亚胺催化下与重组蛋白Pep10偶联，制备结合物GAMP-ADH-Pep10。

It was detected by DSC that the temperature of imide and crosslinking reaction are differentiated by the catalysis of acetyl acetone copper and rare earth.

DSC研究表明乙酰丙酮铜催化剂和稀土催化剂可以分开低聚物的亚胺化和交联反应温度。

Was synthesized from cyanoacetic acid and diethylamine via DCC coupling under mild conditions.

中间体5 的制备由氰基乙酸在二环己基碳二亚胺作用下经酰胺化一步制得，条件温和，收率较高，避免使用剧毒的氰化钠。

Tetrachloroterephthalic acid was prepared by chlorinating terephthalic acid, oleumsolvent and iodine catalyst. Tetrachloroterephthalic acid was acylated by sulphurous oxychloride in the presence of DMF to form tetrachloroterephthaloyl chloride. The acyl chloride product was fluorinated by potassium fluoride and esterified by methanol to synthesize dimethyl tetrafluoroterephthalate. The ester was reduced with potassium borohydride and lithium chloride to give tetrafluoroterephthalyl alcohol. The above product was bromated in the hydrobromic acid to obtain 4-bromomethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-benzene methanol. 4-Methyl-2,3,5,-6-tetrafluorobenzene ethanol was obtained by reducing the bromide with magnesium. In the exist of DCC and DMAP, tefluthrin was got by the condensation reaction between 4-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-benzene methanol and-(1RS,3RS)- 3-(2- chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl cycolpropanecar-boxylate acid.

对苯二甲酸与氯气在碘存在下以发烟硫酸为溶剂进行氯化制备四氯对苯二甲酸；再以DMF为催化剂与二氯亚砜反应生成四氯对苯二甲酰氯；以氟化钾为氟化剂，环丁砜为溶剂置换氟化，再与甲醇酯化得到四氟对苯二甲酸甲酯；以KBH4-LiCl为还原剂二甲醚为溶剂反应制得四氟对苯二甲基苄醇；以氯苯为溶剂在溴化氢溶液中溴化得到溴化产物；在乙醇溶液中经镁粉还原得到4-甲基-2，3，5，6-四氟苄醇；甲基苄醇与功夫酸在催化剂二环己基碳二亚胺和4-二甲氨基吡啶作用下缩合得到七氟菊酯，总收率达43.6%。

However,they are generally insoluble and infusible in their fully imidized form,which would lead to processing difficulties;and this process of polyintermediate has several inherent problems such as emission of volatile byproducts(e.g.,H_2O)and storage instability etc.

然而，完全亚胺化的芳香族聚酰亚胺通常不溶不熔，难于加工，而采用聚酰胺酸中间体加工时，又存在储存稳定性差，加工过程中会产生可挥发小分子副产物(如；H_2O)等问题。

Results totally 287 strains were isolated from the 256 positive samples , and the gram-negative bacilli were 225(78.4%,), the gram-positive coccus were 41(14.3%), snd the monilia were 21(7.3%).the distributions of clinical bacteria were respiratory tract(63.4%),urinaryract(7.0%),secretion(includingwound .3%),blood(5.9%),stool(5.2%), pucture fluid(4.9%), and other sites(7.3%). of all isolating bacterium,from the first to the fifth were ps.aeruginosa(19.5%),k.pneumoniae(16.7%), e.coli(14.3%), a.baumannii(11.8%) and psemal (10.1%).resistant rates of methecillin-resistant s.aureus,methecillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci and vancomycin-resistantwere 88.2%、70.0% and 11.1% respectively;the incidence of e.coli and k.penumoniae produce extended speutrum beta-lactamase were 68.6%和65.2%, 44.6% of ps.aeruginosa isolates were resistant to imipenem; the highest examining rate of 21 kinds of monilia was candida albicans (66.7％),resistant rate of candida albicans to fluconazole and amphotricin b was 51.3％ and 1.3%.

结果 在254份检出细菌阳性标本中共培养出287株细菌，其中革兰阴性杆菌225株（78.4％），革兰阳性球菌41株（14.3%），念珠菌21株（7.3%），检出菌来自呼吸道标本占63.4%，其他标本各占5%左右；细菌检出占构成比前三位的依次为铜绿假单胞菌19.5%、肺炎克雷伯菌16.7%、大肠埃希菌14.3%；耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和耐万古霉素的肠球菌的发生率分别为88.2%、70.0%和11.1%；大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的超广谱β-内酰胺酶的检出率分别为68.6%和65.2%，铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药率为40.2%；白色念珠菌对氟康唑的耐药率为81.3％，对两性霉素的耐药率为3.2%。

Starting from chiral proline, pipecolinic acid, piperazine-2-carboxylic acid and 1,2-diphenyl amino alcohol, a series of structurally simple and easily prepared amides were developed as highly effective Lewis basic organocatalysts for the asymmetric reduction of imines with trichlorosilane as the reducing agent, which promoted the reduction of N-aryl imines with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities with an unprecedented substrate spectrum.

本文分别由手性脯氨酸、哌啶酸、哌嗪酸以及氨基醇出发，设计和合成了一系列结构新颖、合成简便、性能优良的酰胺类有机小分子路易斯碱催化剂，以廉价的三氯氢硅为氢源，用这些催化剂催化亚胺不对称还原，得到了非常优良的收率、对映选择性和前所未有的底物普适性。

Part II: The structural modification of norcantharidin and the discovery and applications of NCS-DMSO combinatorial system: A series of derivatives of 5,6-dehydronorcantharidin was transferred into their corresponding 5,6-epoxynorcantharidin derivatives with Oxone, and finally 14 new compounds have been synthesized; and we also discover the novel combinatorial system NCS-DMSO to make N-aromatic substituted norcantharidin amic acids to their corresponding imides in high yields.

利用十分廉价的Oxone为氧化剂，成功的得到了14个5，6-环氧去甲斑蝥素系列衍生物；同时我们意外地发现了NCS-DMSO组合体系可以使去氢去甲斑蝥素酰胺类化合物实现分子内脱水而生成亚胺类化合物，首次发现和运用该全新的组合体系实现了该类反应。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。