酯化了的

Low molecular weight mannuronic acid, guluronic acid and κ carrageenan were prepared from algin and carrageenan by the acid hydrolysis method, and their weight average molecular weights and the distribution widths of molecular weight were determined by high performance gel permeation chromatography respectively.

本文以褐藻胶和κ-卡拉胶为原料通过酸水解分别获得了低聚的甘露糖醛酸、古罗糖醛酸和低聚κ-卡拉胶，并采用 HPGPC法测定了这 3种低聚糖的重均分子量。在此基础上再经硫酸酯化和成盐修饰制备了各自的硫酸酯碱式铝盐。

This article provided a new route to produce 4-dimethoxy phenethylamine. In basic condition, the product could be obtained through etherization, bromation, Grignard reaction, hydroxyethylation, esterification and Gabriel reaction with phenol as raw material, the overall yield is 45.0%.

提出了合成4-甲氧基苯乙胺的新方法，即在碱性条件下，苯酚首先与硫酸二甲酯反应，再选用高选择性的溴化剂溴化后，经格氏反应、羟乙基化反应和酯化反应，最后经Gabriel反应可以制备目标产物，反应总收率为45.0%。

Then the cyclocarbonylation of propargylic alcohols under the catalysis of Pd 〓 with CuBr〓 and BQ was studied. Due to the high activity the yields of -α-bromoalkylidene-β-lactones were lower than that of -α-chloroalkylidene-β-lactones while the coupling reaction of -α-bromoalkylidene-β-1actones (i. e. Sonogashira and Suzuki coupling reaction) was quite smooth to afford the products in high yields.

接着我们研究了炔丙醇在Pd〓-CuBr〓-BQ催化体系下的羰基插入环化反应，由于-α-溴代亚烷基-β-内酯环化合物的活性高于-α-氯代亚烷基-β-内酯环化合物，导致反应收率偏低，而同样基于此原因，-α-溴代亚烷基-β-内酯环化合物的偶联反应进行得很顺利，而且收率很高。

Starting from tetrafuran, 2_(4_Aminosulfonylphenyl)_4H_1,2_thiazine_1_dioxide, an antiepileptic drug with special structure, was obtained via esterification, sulphonation, chloridization, condensation and cyclization.

以四氢呋喃为原料，经酯化、磺化、酰氯化、缩合、环化等步骤，合成了化学名为 4_(四氢_2H_1，2_噻嗪基_2 )苯磺酰胺_S_S_二氧化物的抗癫痫药舒噻嗪，通过IR、1HNMR和元素分析对其结构进行了表

Synthesis of the antiepileptic tiagabine hydrochloride;2. Starting from tetrafuran, 2_(4_Aminosulfonylphenyl)_4H_1,2_thiazine_1_dioxide, an antiepileptic drug with special structure, was obtained via esterification, sulphonation, chloridization, condensation and cyclization.

以四氢呋喃为原料，经酯化、磺化、酰氯化、缩合、环化等步骤，合成了化学名为 4_(四氢_2H_1，2_噻嗪基_2 )苯磺酰胺_S_S_二氧化物的抗癫痫药舒噻嗪，通过IR、1HNMR和元素分析对其结构进行了表

As to the high polarity, high boiling point resultant—trimesic acid, the analysis methods of infrared spetrum, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, vapour-phase chromatography, acid number titration and so on are seperately used to characterize its property. Infrared spetrum and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy are used to have a qualitative analysis on the resultant and are compared with the stand diagram. Sulfuric acid-methanol esterification and rapid esterification are used to prepare the trimesic acid trimethyl-ester and have a FID quantitative analysis. So that we make sure the purity of trimesic acid in the resultant and also we have an acid alkali titration on the resultant to get its acid number, in order to verify the purity of trimesic acid in the resultant.

对于高极性、高沸点的固体产物均苯三甲酸，分别采用红外光谱、气质联用、气相色谱、酸值滴定等分析手段进行了表征：利用红外光谱、气质联用的方法进行产物的定性分析，并与在同一仪器、同一条件下做出的标准谱图进行比对；采用硫酸-甲醇酯化法和快速酯化法制备出均苯三甲酸三甲酯，对其进行气相色谱FID定量分析，进而确定固体产物中均苯三甲酸的纯度；用酸碱滴定法确定固体产物的酸值，以对固体产物中均苯三甲酸的纯度进行验证。

In chapter 4, we have described an improved method for the preparation of ethynylferrocene. Ethynylferrocene was prepared in satisfactory yield by reaction of formylferrocene with triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrachloride followed by dehydrohalogenation in the presence of n-BuLi.

第三章中，我们研究了钯催化下碘杂环化合物的羰基化—酰胺化反应、羰基化—酯化反应和与末端炔烃的羰基化交叉偶联反应，为一步合成多官能团化合物开辟了新的途径，同时，得到的这些产物经过进一步官能团转化后，可以成为一些天然产物合成中的重要中间体化合物。

A series of novel polyethylene glycol derivates was synthesized by esterification of chloroacetic acid with polyethylene glycol. Because of the good reactive activity of α-chlorin in the esters it can react with 5-fluorouracil, thus the conjugate can be obtained .

采用氯乙酸与不同分子量的聚乙二醇进行酯化反应得到氯乙酸聚乙二醇酯，由于酯中的α-氯具有良好的反应活性，将它再与抗癌药物5-氟尿嘧啶结合制备了不同分子量的高分子前药。

Different from many other researches the Henkel-Esterification process was studied here which starts from 1,8-naphthalenedicarboanhydride. In the Henkel reaction of 1,8-naphthalenedicarboanhydride to 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (abbreviated as 2,6-NDA) non-cadmium catalytic system was used. In atmosphere of carbon dioxide 1,8-naphthalenedicarboanhydride can be effectively converted to 2,6-NDA in the temperature range of 300~340℃ with zinc carbonate as catalyst and the yield of 2,6-NDA can reach more over 62%.

和国内外绝大多数研究不同的是，论文结合公司自身的原料资源优势和长远规划，提出了从工业苊深加工产品—1，8-萘二甲酸酐出发，经过非镉系催化剂催化转位，然后再进行非酸催化酯化合成2，6-萘二甲酸二甲酯的工艺路线，并对工艺过程中涉及的成盐过程、催化转位反应、酯化反应等进行工艺参数的重点考察，对合成产物进行分析确证。

Citric acid lauryl alcohol ester was synthesized by the esterification of citric acid with lauryl alcohol using p methylbenzenesulfonic acid or cation exchange resin as the catalyst.

分别用阳离子交换树脂和对甲苯磺酸催化柠檬酸和月桂醇进行酯化反应，合成了柠檬酸月桂醇酯。考察了催化剂用量、原料配比、反应时间和反应温度等对合成反应的影响，优化了合成工艺条件。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。