酯

Ingredients: Water,Hamamelis Virginiana Water,Glycerin,Propylene Glycol,Glyceryl Polymethacrylate,Betaine,Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice,Hydro-lyzed Wheat Protein,Sodium Pca,Tocopheryl Acetate,Polysorbate 20,Creatine,Hyaluronic Acid,Tetrasodium Edta,Perfume,Phenoxyethanol,Caprylyl Glycol,Sorbic.

成分：去离子水，金缕梅蒸馏液，甘油，丙二醇，甘油聚甲基丙烯酸酯，甜菜碱，芦荟叶提取物，水解小麦蛋白，吡咯烷酮羧酸钠，生育酚乙酸酯，聚山梨醇酯-20，肌酸，透明质酸，乙二胺四乙酸四钠，香精，苯氧乙醇，辛二醇，山梨酸。

By the testing means of electron-spectroscopy for chemical analysis , thermogravimetric analysis , differential scanning calorimetry , transmission electronmicroscopy , the results have shown that the emulsion polymerization in situ in the presence of nano-particle of calcium carbonate can happen smoothly and successfully and the surface of nano-particle of calcium carbonate have been capsulated by polymer of acrylates, which prevent from the agglomerating of nano-particles of calcium carbonate. Because the copolymer of acrylate has good compatibility with some plastics such as PVC, ABS, AS and so on, so the dispersion of nano-scale calcium carbonate as nanometer size in these plastics can be reached more easily and the effects of nanometer can happen.

通过X射线光电子能谱、热失重分析、动态扫描量热分析、透射电子显微镜等手段，证实在纳米碳酸钙原生粒子存在下，可以进行丙烯酸酯类的原位乳液聚合，乳液聚合顺利，纳米碳酸钙表面被丙烯酸酯类聚合物所包覆，使纳米碳酸钙粒子间的团聚不易发生，同时由于丙烯酸酯类聚合物与PVC、ABS、AS等极性聚合物具有较好的相容性，从而使纳米碳酸钙在聚合物基体中能达到纳米状态分散，从而发挥纳米效应。

Sodium diethyl oxalacetate ; \ Claisen condensation ; \ 1 phenyl 3 carbethoxy 5 pyrazolone

钠代草酰乙酸乙酯； Claisen酯缩合； 1苯基3羧酸乙酯5吡唑啉酮

The target compound was synthesized from clarithromycin via hydrolyzation,acetylation,cyclic carbonatation,oxidation,decarbonatation,acylation,cyclic carbamatation and cyclization.

方法以克拉霉素为起始原料，经水解、乙酰化、环碳酸酯化、氧化、脱碳酸酯化、酰化、环氨基甲酸酯化和环合等反应合成目标化合物。

Our purpose is simulating the catalytical action of enzyme in biologic system, so we can directly investigate the factors relating to the functions of enzyme by studying the catalyzing behavior of model molecules imitating enzyme\'s functions. And it is a base of synthesizing high performance model enzyme.

从得到的实验数据我们可以看出：锌是酯水解反应的活性中心；并且金属中心相同时，配位数相同的配合物，结构越简单，其催化酯水解效果越好；含有配位不饱和金属中心的锌配合物表现出更好的催化效果；配合物中咪唑基团的存在可有效的增强这个配合物催化酯水解的效果。

Now, Flavonoids and ginkgolides were mainly extracted from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba., but the leaves often contain high content of corious and cereous, and the effective constituent is very different under the various conditions. In addition, the constituent of ginkgolides is very low in the leaves, and thus the quality of extraction is difficult to reach the international standards.

目前人们主要从银杏叶中提取银杏黄酮和萜内酯，但由于银杏黄酮和银杏内酯的含量很低，尤其银杏叶中最主要的有效成分银杏内酯B主要存在于根中，在银杏叶中含量极低(＜0.1％)，且是在生长状态的叶中含量最高，采叶影响树的生长；又因银杏叶中主要的有效成分受多种因素的影响又有很大差别，银杏叶革质化、蜡质化程度高，使得国内银杏叶提取物的质量很难达到国际标准。

ChamaecyparisIawsoniana ParI and picea sitchensis Carr.wood treated with BTCA:Values of weigh percentgainreached 9.05% and 8.25%.Values of antiswelling efficiencyreached57.2% and 55.45% respectively.Values of moisture excluding efficiencyreached47.95% and 44.89%.Chamaecyparis Iawsoniana ParI and picea sitchensis Carr.wood treatedwith 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid and glycerin:Values of weigh percent gainreached 13.12% and 12.24%.Values ofantiswelling efficiencyreached 61.11% and63.12% re.Values of moisture excluding efficiencyreached 46.91% and 48.93%.Woodsurface colour of Chamaecyparis Iawsoniana ParI and picea sitchensis Carr.were slightlyvaried from red to yellow and from dismal to bright in crosslinking reaction.

处理后美国扁柏和西特克云杉两种木材，分别达到：WPG9.05％和8.25％；ASE57.2％和55.45％；MEE47.95％和44.89％；酯化剂中加入丙三醇，酯化处理美国扁柏和西特克云杉木材，分别达到：WPG为13.12％和12.24％；ASE为61.11％和63.12％；MEE为46.91％和48.93％；在酯化反应中，美国扁柏木材材色由偏红向偏黄、由稍暗向明亮方向有些变化。

Till today, we have extracted and purified alkaloids from from Macleaya Cordata, Chelidonium Majus L., Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook f., Sedum Sarmentosum Bunge, and obtained pure sanguinarine, ethoxysanguinarine, oxysanguinarine, chelidonine, chelerythrine, ethoxychelerythrine, chelilutine, chelirubine, protopine,α-allocryptopine,β-allocryptopine, coptisine, berberine, corysamine, bocconine; triptolide, tripdiolide, triptonide, wilforddine; N-methylisopelletierine, dihydro-N-methylisopelletierine, sarmentosin etc.

我们对博落回、白屈菜、雷公藤、垂盘草等天然植物进行了大量的提取和分离研究；并分离出了血根碱、乙氧基血根碱、氧化血根碱、白屈菜碱、白屈菜红碱、乙氧基白屈菜红碱、白屈菜黄碱、白屈菜玉红碱、原阿片碱、α-别隐品碱、β-别隐品碱、黄连碱、小檗碱、沙明碱、博落回碱，雷公藤内酯醇、雷公藤内酯二醇、雷公藤内酯酮、雷公藤碱，N-甲基异石榴皮碱、二氢- N-甲基异石榴皮碱、垂盘草甙等单体。

In this paper, the applications of the environmental friendly solid acid catalysts for esterification were studied and the activities of these catalysts were discussed, by which the solid acid ferric sulfate x-hydrate was used first as catalyst in the synthesis of dimethyl fumarate and ethyl chloroacetate and solid super acid SO42-/Fe2O3 was used first as catalyst in the synthesis of ethyl p-nitrobenzoate.

本文研究了对环境友好的固体酸催化剂在酯化反应中的应用，首次以固体酸Fe_2(SO_4)_3·xH_2O为催化剂合成了新型防霉剂富马酸二甲酯和化工原料氯乙酸乙酯，以固体超强酸5O_4~(2-)／Fe_2O_3为催化剂合成了医药中间体对硝基苯甲酸乙酯，并探讨了这些催化剂的催化活性。

The chemical structure of the product was characterized by means of the melting point and IR. The results show that tetraethylammonium bromide which was used as a phase transfer catalyst in this reaction had optimization effect on the interfacial diffusive reaction of BTC and PNP. Higher concentration of sodium hydroxide, lower temperature and a higher dosage of BTC produced a small amount of 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate, while lower concentration of sodium hydroxide and a lower dosage of BTC made reaction incomplete, which affected the yield.

结果表明，在碳酸二（4-硝基苯基）酯合成中使用的相转移催化剂四乙基溴化铵对受界面扩散控制的BTC气与对硝基酚钠反应有良好的相转移催化效果；氢氧化钠质量分数较低时，酚钠盐向溶有BTC的油相扩散速度较小，较高时会产生氯甲酸对硝基苯酯；温度较低、BTC量较高时，会产生少量氯甲酸对硝基苯酯，BTC用量较低会使反应不完全，这些都影响着收率。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。