酒石酸

Objective To prepare vinorelbine bitartrate liposome and compare the difference of the entrapment efficiency by using Sephadex minicolumn centrifugation method and cation exchange resin centrifugation method, respectively.

目的 制备重酒石酸长春瑞滨脂质体，比较葡聚糖凝胶微柱离心法和阳离子交换树脂离心法测定重酒石酸长春瑞滨脂质体包封率的差异。

A reddish acid compound, chiefly potassium bitartrate, found in the juice of grapes and deposited on the sides of casks during winemaking.

酒石酸氢钾一种在葡萄汁中找到的并在酿酒过程中沉淀于桶壁的浅红色酸性化合物，主要指酒石酸氢钾

The concrete usage of noradrenalin: mix 4mg noradrenalin or 8 mg noradrenaline bitartrate (The potency of 2mg noradrenaline bitartrate equals to that of 1mg noradrenalin) with 250ml equilibrium liquid with or without salt. They will form 16ug/ml noradrenalin solution or 32ug/ml noradrenaline bitartrate solution.

去甲肾上腺素的具体用法：将去甲肾上腺素4mg或重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素8mg(2mg重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素效价与1mg去甲肾上腺素相同)加入250ml含盐或不含盐的平衡液中，产生16ug/mL去甲肾上腺素液或32ug/mL重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素液。

RESULTS: Basilar artery, thoracic aorta and ventricular papillary muscle Resting tension of basilar artery was increased by DL but decreased by niof basilar artery and thoracic aorta induced by noradrenaline bitartrate and KCl can be relaxed by DL in a dose dependant manner, and the half-effective concentration was (6.69±3.12)×10-4,(3.41±1.52)×10-3mmol/L for basilar artery, and (1.49±0.59)×10-3,(2.91±0.99)×10-3 mmol/L for thoracic aorta, displaying stronger inhibition on the constriction of basilar artery induced by noradrenaline bitartrate than on the contraction induced by KCl.

重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素、KCl所致基底动脉及胸主动脉收缩，二氢石蒜碱使之呈剂量依赖性松弛，其半数有效浓度值：对基底动脉分别为(6.69±3.12)×10-，(3.41±1.52)×10-3 mmol/L；对胸主动脉分别为(1.49±0.59)×10-3，(2.91±0.99)×10-3 mmol/L。拮抗重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素所致基底动脉收缩作用明显强于KCl。尼莫地平对KCl所致收缩的抑制显著强于对重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素。

From the perfusion experiments with isolated rabbit heart and vessels were obtained the follow- ing results:(1)Potassium antimony tartrate produced depression of the isolated rabbit heart,and this depressant action became more marked when the pH of the solution was raised from the original value of 5.4 to that of 7.2;(2)At the same pH levels,the cardiac action of the potassium salt was slightly stronger than that of the corresponding sodium salt;(3)The slight vase-dilator effect of potass- ium anti...

从离体器官的灌注实验得到下列结果：(1)酒石酸锑钾对离体兎心有抑制作用，将其pH 从5.4调整到7.2时，作用亦随以增加。(2)在相同 pH 时，酒石酸锑钾的心臓抑制作用较酒石酸锑钠略强。(3)酒石酸锑钾对离体兎耳血管的轻微扩张作用，系由于该药溶液的微酸性反应，当将药液 pH 调整至7后即无作用。(4)对于离体兎肺血管则不问 pH 为4.8或7，均产生轻微的血管收缩作用。

Both crystallographically unique Zn atoms exit as an octahedral geometry. The four equatorial positions of Zn1 atom are occupied by the carboxylate-oxygen atoms of the two tartrates, and the two oxygens of the left four carboxylate-oxygen atoms coordinate to two different Zn2 atoms, respectively, forming infinite coordination polymer chains. The left two of the trans equatorial positions of Zn2 atom are completed with two oxygen atoms of two water molecules. The axial positions of both Zn atoms are occupied by the nitrogen atoms from different 4,4'-bipyridine molecules to give a 2D rectangular-grid layers with a cavity dimension of 0.51165(3)nm×1.13896(5) nm. A three dimensional network is formed by the crystallization water chains joined by the carboxylate-oxygen atoms through hydrogen-bonding interactions.

两个晶体学独立的Zn原子均为八面体构型，其中Zn1原子赤道配位点被2个酒石酸根中的4个羧酸根氧螯合配位， 2个酒石酸根中剩下的4个羧酸根氧中的2个分别与2个Zn2原子连接形成无限一维链， Zn2原子的另外2个反式赤道配位点被2个水分子氧占据，同时这两种Zn原子的轴向配位点均被4，4'-联吡啶的氮原子占据，形成具有矩形格子[0.51165(3) nm×1.13896(5) nm]的二维层状结构，游离的2个水分子通过氢键作用形成二聚体，并与酒石酸根中未与Zn配位的羧酸氧连接，把二维层状结构连接成三维网状的超分子结构。

This work, concentrated on the asymmetric allylation of aldehydes controlled by different chiral auxiliaries prepared from rotational pure tartaric acid, can be divided into three parts.The first part aims to review the developments of chiral drugs and asymmetric synthesis, from which derived the present research topic backgrounds and works.Synthesis and applications of allylation from aldehydes are the second part of the thesis. By optimizing the reaction conditions, such as solvents, temperature, time and chiral auxiliaries like N,N\'-dibenzyl tartamide, N,N\'-p-dimethylphenyl tartamide, N,N\'-o-dimethylphenyl tartamide, N,N\'-o-dichlorophenyl tartamide, N,N\'-a-dinaphyl tartamide, N,N\'-dicyclohexyl tartamide and N,N\'-diphenyl tartamide, ideal experimenttal conditions are obtained according to HPLC monitoring, as well as the auxiliaries\' recoveries experiments. Starting from benzaldehyde and 3-bromopropaldehyde, N,N\'-dibenzyl tartamide is considered the best auxiliary in this reaction.

本文介绍了醛的不对称烯丙基化反应，以光学纯酒石酸为原料，研究了不同构型手性配体在醛的烯丙基化反应中的立体选择性，全文共分三部分十个章节：第一部分对当前手性药物和手性技术进行了概述，并由此展开了本文的研究背景和任务；第二部分为有机合成部分，对醛的不对称烯丙基化反应进行了深入探讨，以苯甲醛为原料对反应条件进行优化，在优化的反应条件下对制备的七种可回收手性酰胺配体(N-苄基酒石酸二酰胺、N-对甲苯基酒石酸二酰胺、N-邻甲苯基酒石酸二酰胺、N-邻氯苯基酒石酸二酰胺、N-a-萘基酒石酸二酰胺、N-环己基酒石酸二酰胺和N-苯基酒石酸二酰胺)进行筛选，优化配体回收实验条件，最终确定出N-苄基酒石酸二酰胺在苯甲醛的不对称烯丙基化反应中具有较大优越性，结晶回收的手性配体光学纯度保持不变。

Spiral Spirobifluorene acetylated is oxidated by m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid and hydrolyzed by sodium hydroxide ,obtaining 2,2 '- dihydroxy -9,9'- spiral Spirobifluorene .Through nitrification,Reduced by hydrazine hydrate, we may get the 2,2 '- diamino -9,9'- spiral Spirobifluorene which are characterizated by IR, 1H-NMR !

L-酒石酸和乙醇酯化得到酒石酸二乙酯，将保护羧基保护起来，然后用碘甲烷在2，3-位上两个甲基，得到2，3-二甲氧基-酒石酸二乙酯，再用氢氧化钠将其水解，得到2，3-二甲氧基-酒石酸，用五氯化磷将羧基酰化，得到2，3-二甲氧基- 1，4-丁二酰氯，经过与二环己胺反应，得到拆分配体2，3-二甲氧基–N，N，N'，N'-四环己丁二酰胺。

The results showed that monocarboxylic acid stearic acid played a role of surfactant, and the product was still orthorhombic Ce2O(CO3)2·H2O with a high crystallization degree. In turn, duality-carboxylic acid tartaric acid...

实验结果表明在尿素及硝酸铈的混合溶液中分别加入一元羧酸硬脂酸，二元羧酸酒石酸和三元羧酸柠檬酸时，一元羧酸硬脂酸在混合溶液中只起表面活性剂的作用，其产物为斜方晶系的单晶Ce2O(CO3)2.H2O微粉，且表面活性剂硬脂酸的加入使得晶体的晶化程度明显提高；而二元羧酸酒石酸与三元羧酸柠檬酸在均相反应中则起螯合剂的作用，分别与Ce3+形成螯合物酒石酸铈和柠檬酸铈，这些结果的造成是由于其反应机理的不同所导致的。

Though enantioslectivity in the epoxidation of some substrates with soluble polymer-supported tartrates is a little lower than that with solution-phase tartrates, it is higher than enantioslectivity with insoluble polystyrene resin-supported tartrates, linear poly s and corrosslinked poly s. It is obvious that soluble polymer-supported tartrates have good catalytic activity and enantioselectivity.

尽管可溶性聚合物支载的酒石酸酯在某些底物环氧化中的对映选择性比小分子酒石酸酯低一些，但明显优于文献报道的不溶性聚苯乙烯树脂支载的酒石酸酯、线形聚酒石酸酯和交联聚酒石酸酯配体，显示了良好的催化活性和对映选择性。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷