酐化

The acylation of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene by acetic anhydride in the presence of H3PO4 was investigated.

在H3PO4存在下进行了2，3-二甲基-2-丁烯与乙酐的酰化反应。

The effects of the amount of catalyst, the amount of acetic anhydride, reaction time, and addition of solvents etc. on the acylation reaction were investigated.

考察了催化剂用量、乙酐用量、反应时间和溶剂的加入等因素对该酰化反应的影响。

It was found that H3PO4 is an effective catalyst for the acylation of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene by acetic anhydride at room temperature.

结果表明，H3PO4是室温下催化2，3-二甲基-2-丁烯与乙酐酰化反应的有效催化剂。

It was found that SnCl_2·2H_2O is an effective catalyst for the acylation of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene by acetic anhydride at room temperature.

发现SnCl2·2H2O是室温下2，3-二甲基-2-丁烯与乙酐进行酰化反应的有效催化剂。

Ferrocene will be acetylated by the action of phosphoric acid* and acetic anhydride*.

二茂铁可以与磷酸*和乙酐*作用而被乙醯化。

The ammonia was evaporated under decreasing pressure, and the precipitate was filtered off and the liquid was poured into hot saturated picric acid solution to get picrate with a yield of 85.0%. The optimum process starting from imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid was: imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid in acetic anhydride was refluxed to get imidazole-4-carboxylic acid, and the product was esterification in ethanol with a catalyzer of concentrated sulfuric acid to get ethyl imidazole-4-carboxylate, at last the compound above was reduced by LiAlH4 in ether at room temperature to get the target compound, the total yield of this route was 49.6%.

以4，5-二羧酸咪唑为原料的较佳工艺：1 脱羧反应：4，5-二羧酸咪唑40g，醋酐1200ml，回流10h，过滤并将滤液浓缩至干，所得固体加至50%的乙醇溶液回流，过滤并将滤液自然冷却过夜，过滤得固体；2 酯化反应：4(5)-羧酸咪唑50g，乙醇1000ml和浓硫酸60ml，加热回流2h，5%浓度NaOH溶液调节至pH＝8，减压浓缩至干，加入少量水回流，自然冷却过夜并过滤得固体；3 还原反应：LiAlH410g，乙醚300ml和4(5)-羧酸咪唑乙酯28g，常温反应1.5h，小心滴加25ml水后过滤，滤渣溶于300ml甲醇中并过滤，收集所得乙醚和甲醇滤液浓缩至干，将所得固体溶于300ml乙醇中加热回流，后将溶液浓缩至约30ml，冷却并过滤得固体，该路线总收率为49.6%。

Methods］ Healthy SD rats were divided randomly into 6 group, including: normal control group(sham-operation), ischemia for 45 min (reperfusion 0h, n=6), reperfusion 2,4,12 and 24 hr group. Renal ischemia reperfusion injury models were founded in other five groups, opened abdominal and placed atraumatic vascular champ in dual kidney pedicle for 45 minutes,followed by reperfusion 2,4,12 and 24 hr.

方法］ 将SD大鼠随机分成正常对照组、单纯缺血组、再灌注2 h组、4 h组、12 h组、24 h组，制备双侧肾蒂夹闭模型后，腹主动脉取血测血肌酐、尿素氮，行肾脏组织病理学检查，免疫组化法检测TGFβ1 蛋白，RT-PCR法检测TGFβ1 mRNA。

Based on the problem of various types of catalyst and according to the features of carbonylation catalysts reactions, our team has been designed a series of new metal complexes of benimidazoles, which can be used for carbonylation catalyst of industry. Seven new benzimidazole derivatives were prepared by the o-phenylenediamine、oxalic acid、glycolic acid、monomethyl monopotassium malonate、ethyl cyanoacetate、succinic anhydride. The structures of them were confirmed by IR、Elemental analsis. The crystal structures of d and e were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction of Germanic Bruker Smart APEX II CCD. The catalysis of them was tested by carbonylation reactions.

本文设计以邻苯二胺和草酸、羟基乙酸、丙二酸单甲酯、氰基乙酸乙酯、丁二酸单甲酯为原料采用PPA催化和无机酸催化法，合成了4种苯并咪唑-2-羧酸衍生物并进行了表征；培养了2个化合物d、e的晶体并测定和讨论了晶体结构；制备了3种未见报道的苯并咪唑金属配合物，对配合物在羰基化法制醋酐-醋酸反应的催化作用进行了初步试验。

Results CsA clearly decreased creatinine clearance and increased urinary excretion of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase in rats as compared with those in the vehicle group. Morphologic changes consisted of vacuolization of tubular cell, expansion of the interstitium and interstitial fibrosis, hyalinization of afferent arterioles. Severity of the injury was related to the dosage of CsA. Striped interstitial fibrosis and arteriolopathy were more severe in the rats treated with CsA and low-salt diet than with CsA and normal diet.

结果 用CsA的大鼠出现尿量增多、内生肌酐清除率下降、尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶排泄增多等；病理上表现为不同程度的细胞浊肿、空泡变性及灶性分布的间质纤维化和小动脉病变，随CsA剂量的增加，病变呈加重趋势；结合低钠饮食，CsA慢性肾毒性病变明显加重。

The absorption maxima and emission maxima didnt change obviously between the five-membered compounds when N-methyl as the bridge atom. The value of extinction coefficient was increased obviusly compared naphthalimide with naphthalic anhydride.

甲基化氮为桥原子的五元化合物之间最大吸收和发射波长相差不大，萘酰亚胺的消光系数比萘酐增加明显，loge最大相差可达0.45，荧光强度也略有增加，相差0.1左右。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。