酐化

The time for the reaction to go to completion depends on both the amount of catalyst and acetic anhydride used.

该酰化反应进行到完全所需的时间取决于催化剂用量和乙酐用量。

A series of newl naphthalenic sulfonated polyimides were synthesized using 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2'-benzidinedisulfonic acid by one-step high temperature polymerization method. The sulfonated degree of SPI-X membranes was controlled through adjusting the molar ratio of BDSA to the non-sulfonated diamines.

采用1，4，5，8-萘四酸二酐、2，2′-联苯二胺双磺酸和APBA为单体，通过高温一步聚合法合成了含有噁唑环的新型磺化聚酰亚胺，通过调节二胺单体的比例控制磺化程度。

The mouse was carried out half nephric duct ligation to induce the renal interstitial fibrosis animal model,afterwards,to set up three groups,control group,sham operation group(intragastric administration with normal sodium according to 10ml/kg weight),treatment group...

采用小鼠单侧输尿管结扎法诱导肾间质纤维化的动物模型，用盐酸青藤碱治疗，并设对照组、假手术组(小鼠每日按10m l/kg体重用生理盐水灌胃，直至治疗结束)、治疗组(选用正清风痛宁缓释片按每日30mg/kg体重给小鼠灌胃，连续3周，)，检测血尿素氮、血肌酐、血清层粘连蛋白、纤维连接蛋白的含量，免疫组化法测肾脏组织转化因子β1(TNF-β1)的表达并进行肾脏病理学的观察。

On the basis of these principles and requirements,in this paper,a new modifier has been synthesized from pyromellitic dianhydride and thiosemicarbazide by the nucleophilic addition of anhydride,the cyclization of acyl thiosemicarbazide in alkaline solution,and the N-hydroxymethylation of the triazole-thione.

本文根据这一思路，以均苯四甲酸二酐和氨基硫脲为起始原料，通过酸酐的亲核加成反应、酰氨基硫脲的碱性环化反应、三唑硫酮环的N-羟甲基化反应合成出了一种新的N-羟甲基三唑硫酮酸改性剂。

Polyimide/silica (PI/SiO2) nano-hybrid films of different solid content were prepared based on pyromellitic dianhydride and 4, 4'-oxydianiline using tetraethoxysilane as the inorganic precursors.

以均苯四甲酸二酐和4，4'-二氨基二苯醚为有机单体，正硅酸乙酯为无机前驱体，制备了SiO2含量一定，PAA杂化胶液固体含量不同的PI/SiO2纳米杂化薄膜。

The results demonstrate that the suitable esterifying conditions mainly require the proportion of APG to C4H2O3 as 1 to 1.2-1.4,under the tempreture of 70-85℃,and 4-6 hours of reaction time.

结果表明：酯化条件为APG；顺酐为1∶1.2-1.4，反应温度为70-85 ℃，反应时间为4-6 h为宜；磺化反应条件以10％？

Methods: 2ethyl aniline was used as starting material of the synthesis and was processed by acetic anhydride acylation, strong nitric acid nitraction at low temperature, and desacyl synthesis to produce 2ethyl5nitro aniline. The product was then synthesized to 3methyl6nitro1Hindazole by using ringclosing reaction in the presence of NaNO2, and then ethylated to obtain 2,3diethyl6 nitro2Hindazole. The latter compound was then reduced by SnCl2/Hcl to get target compound 2,3diethyl6nitro2Hindazole.

以2乙基苯胺为原料经醋酐酰化、浓硝酸低温硝化及去酰基保护合成2乙基5硝基苯胺，后用亚硝酸钠关环得3甲基6硝基1H吲唑，经硫酸二甲酯甲基化得2，3二甲基6硝基2H吲唑，最后用氯化亚锡将其还原得到目标产物，通过1H NMR确定结构与目标产物一致。

Methods: 2-ethyl aniline was used as starting material of the synthesis and was processed by acetic anhydride acylation, strong nitric acid nitraction at low temperature, and desacyl synthesis to produce 2-ethyl-5-nitro aniline. The product was then synthesized to 3-methyl-6-nitro-lH-indazole by using ring-closing reaction in the presence of NaNO2, and then ethylated to obtain 2, 3-diethyl-6- nitro-2H-indazole. The latter compound was then reduced by SnC12/Hcl to get target compound 2, 3-diethyl-6-nitro-2H-indazole.

以2-乙基苯胺为原料经醋酐酰化、浓硝酸低温硝化及去酰基保护合成2-乙基－5-硝基苯胺，后用亚硝酸钠关环得3-甲基－6-硝基－1H-吲唑，经硫酸二甲酯甲基化得2，3-二甲基－6-硝基－2H-吲唑，最后用氯化亚锡将其还原得到目标产物，通过1HNMR确定结构与目标产物一致。

Two kinds of polyimide films were prepared based on the ODA and ODPA in NMP through two-step thermal or chemical imidization process and characterized by the cone and plate viscosimeter, GPC, FTIR, DSC, TGA and strain properties tests.

以4，4'-二胺基二苯醚和3，3'，4，4'-二苯醚四酸二酐为单体，采用两步法，分别经热亚胺化和化学亚胺化过程制备了两种聚酰亚胺薄膜，并对两种薄膜的性能进行了表征。

The treatment comparison by using Chinese TANG Kidney capsule and Western medicine TANG SHI PIN showed: the kidney capsule can lower the values of the blood sugar, blood fat, series of micro-protein un urine and carbon monoxide in plasma, thus the function of kidney can be improved, and prolong the process of deadness and hardening of the affected kidney small cell fibre.

利用该模型选择中药糖肾胶囊与西药糖适平对照治疗研究，结果显示：糖肾胶囊能降低糖尿病肾病大鼠的血糖、血脂、尿素氮、肌酐、尿系列微量蛋白及血一氧化氮等指标，从而减轻糖尿病肾病大鼠肾小球的高灌注高滤过，降低糖化血红蛋白含量，减轻非酶糖基化，改善肾功能，降低血脂、内皮素、调节血栓素、前列腺素水平，有抗脂质过氧化损伤的作用。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。