配体

The effects of the composition of catalyst (the structure and amount of bident ligand and strong acid, the cocatalytic activity of Cu〓, the roles of methanol and phenol etc.) and the copolymerization condition (the reaction time, temperature, amount of ST and CO, the structure and amount of dilution reagent etc.) on catalytic activity were studied in detail. Also the optimum copolymerization condition was chosen.

深入考察了催化体系组成（含氮双齿配体的结构与用量、强酸的结构与用量、铜盐的助催化作用、醇类与酚类化合物的作用等）和沉淀共聚反应条件（共聚反应的温度与时间、稀释剂结构与用量、苯乙烯与一氧化碳量等）对该共聚反应的催化活性的影响，优化共聚反应的聚合条件。

In order to improve the catalytic activity, A series of bident ligands containing nitrogen atom were prepared by design, such as bipyridine derivatives, phenantroline derivatives, Schiff base of bipyridine etc.

为了提高催化活性，设计合成一系列含氮双齿配体，如联吡啶衍生物、邻菲罗啉衍生物、含吡啶席夫碱等。

Polyketone STCO, a special Ecomaterial, poly (1-oxo-2-phentrimethylene), was prepared by the precipitation copolymerization of CO with ST in the presence of catalysts composed of palladium acetate, bident ligand of 2, 2′-bipyridine, strong acid, p-benzoquinone etc.

利用乙酸钯、含氮双齿配体、强酸、对苯二醌等组成的催化体系催化苯乙烯和一氧化碳的沉淀共聚反应，合成出环境友好材料聚酮STCO—聚（1-氧代-2-苯基丙撑）。

In Chapter 3, we review the developments and applications of the approaches for predicting binding free energy.

结合自由能准确地表征了配体和受体的结合活性，因此是药物化学中最重要的概念之一。

In order to develop more novel and effective biphenyl ligands, three different approaches have been developed.

为了开发新颖高效的联苯配体和突破现有设计概念的局限性，本文做了以下几部分工作。

Synthesis of P,N Ligands Based on Biphenyl Backbones and Their Applications in Asymmetric 1, 4-conjugate Additions

论文标题：联苯型P，N配体的合成及其在不对称催化1，4-其轭加成反应中的应用

Two approaches are employed to prepare thiocyanuric acid derivatized gold nanoparticles, including the direct reduction of gold ions by potassium bitartrate and NaBH〓 and then through ligand exchange reaction.

用两种不同方法合成了三聚硫氰酸衍生的金纳米粒子，包括由酒石酸氢钾直接还原金离子及NaBH〓还原金离子后经配体交换反应。

Although bivalency may play a role, others have observed a plateau in drug uptake with the Fab′ fragments of the human chimerized version of the antibody, albeit over a more limited range of ligand numbers.

虽然抗体的二价性可能可能在此发挥作用，但其它人还观察到在使用人嵌合抗体的Fab′片段时，纵然配体数大大超出了限界，仍然能明显提高细胞对药物的摄取。

Secondly, 11 chiral ligands containing BINOL and its derivatives werescreened in the asymmetric HDA reaction between Brassard diene withbenzaldehyde. The results revealed that-BINOL shows higherenantioselectivity and reactivity than the others.

其次将 11 个二齿配体 BINOL 及其衍生物用于 Brassard 二烯与苯甲醛的不对称 Hetero-Diels-Alder 反应，结果表明，-BINOL 表现出相对较好-i-范谦四川大学博士论文的反应活性和对映选择性。

Firstly, 24 chiral Schiff base ligands were prepared and evaluated for theasymmetric HDA reaction between Brassard diene with benzaldehyde. Theresults revealed that the ligand derived from 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldehydewith (1R,2S)-2-amino-1,2-diphenyl-1-ethanol shows an excellent chiralinduction in the reaction.

首先合成了 24 个手性三齿席夫碱配体，并应用于 Brassard 二烯与苯甲醛的不对称 Hetero-Diels-Alder 反应，结果表明，3，5-二叔丁基水杨醛与(1R，2S)-1，2-二苯基-2-氨基-乙醇生成的单席夫碱显示出优秀的手性诱导能力。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。