都市集中

This theme that begins from cultural angle of sight is concentrated on two typical cases of urban cultural writings, in order to approach such canonical expression writings in Modem Chinese Literature. Further more, it also discusses how urban culture upgrades the value of urban literature.

本论题从文化视角入手，集中就都市文化书写的两个典型个案来探讨现代文学史上两种典范性的都市文化书写，讨论都市文化对都市文学创作的价值提升。

Because of inappropriate operation between oncoming straight and left-turn vehicles of signalized intersections of urban areas in Taiwan the department of traffic ever offered corrigible opinions involve in right of way, center of intersections adjudging hard and indirectly encouraged to accelerate left-turn vehicles. But all still lack quantification analysis. Therefore, this problem is worth studying.This study will aim at safe passage of oncoming straight and left-turn vehicles for at-grade signalized intersections. So, this study will be based on row's theory, theory of traffic conflicts, and take many factors into consideration, such as the width of the intersections, types of the intersections, center of the intersections, the size of the vehicles, the location of the vehicles, the radius of turn, paths of operation, the speed of the vehicles, the types of collisions, the angle of road, and also deduce formulas of coordinate of paths. The main method used in this research is the simulation of different situations. By the method, the analytic model of safe passage of oncoming straight and left-turn vehicles for at-grade signalized intersections will be established, and this study will also subsume critical speed of conflict and expected number of times of safe passage. Finally involved rules of safe passage will be proffered.

鉴於台湾都市地区路口对向直行左转车辆常遭受对向车辆不当驾驶行为干扰，因而道路交通主管机关曾针对路口对向直行左转相关道路交通法规可能产生之对向直行左转路权判断不易、路口中心处不易区分、间接鼓励路口转弯车加速左转等问题提出检讨之修正意见，唯整体考量仍缺少〝量化〞分析，系一值得研究之课题，因此，本研究将针对号志化平面路口对向直行左转车辆安全通行问题於法规层面上之特殊性，以交通冲突理论、路权理论为基础，并考量路口宽度、路口型式、路口中心处、车辆尺寸、转弯半径、运行轨迹、行驶速率、行车位置、最终碰撞型态、道路交角等因素，先行推导车辆行驶轨迹座标公式，再利用情境模拟分析法，进行号志化平面路口对向直行左转车辆安全通行分析，分析过程中则纳入冲突临界速率与安全通行期望次数理念，并根据路口对向左转车辆安全通行轨迹、速率集中分布范围之分析结果及相关理论，研拟号志化路口对向左转车辆安全通行轨迹、速率，及对向直行左转车辆路权判断原则，以供驾驶者路口直行左转安全通行之参考。

Results and Conclusions: In addition to pre-disaster preparation, required practices for shelters and/or for the informal camping areas after a disaster include water supply, waste dispos al for garbage as well as nightsoil, laundries, disinfection and disinfestation, and health education. Although most of these practical measures employ the principles for rural environmental health, they are also applicable to post-disaster situations in urban areas.

结果与结论：这些措施包括灾前的准备及灾后人口迁徙及或人口临时集中收容所的下列环境卫生措施：给水、废弃物处理包括水肥处理、固体废弃物处理等；收容所之杂项卫生措施，包括沐浴、洗衣、消毒及除虫等；灾区受难者之卫生教育原则等，这些侧重传统乡村环境卫生的做法，亦然可以适用於都市受灾后的情况。

In the process of urbanization , more and more people gather in cities and the suburbs of cities.

在都市化的过程中，愈来愈多人集中到都市以及都市近郊。

The Concentration of Urban Population and the Criterion of Optimality of a City.

Perevedentsev， V。，〈都市人口集中化与最适都市的标准〉，采自科学学会，国际劳工运动学院之公报，〈科技革新条件下的都市化与劳工阶级〉第212-230页，Moscow， 1970。

The problems of too dense and too sparse population and Tokyo one-pole concentration have been made worse. The vigorousness of regional economy is slow and the gap is expanded comparing to the three big urban circles.

进入新世纪以来，人口过疏过密和东京"一极集中"的问题进一步加剧，地方经济社会仍然没有活力，与三大都市圈的经济社会差距再次呈现扩大之势。

4The ratio of filling restorations is higher in highly citified and densely populated area.

四牙医医疗院所所在地区别与都市化位阶，愈都市化、人口愈集中，填补的发生率愈有上升的现象，乳牙情形又比恒牙严重。

The population gravitates towards the town.

人口有集中都市的倾向。

Although Taipei and Taichung are both basin landforms, the distribution of the heat island in Taichung is centered and distinct, while that of Taipei is large and of a wide variety because of its high development and urbanization It is also clear from the results that in urban areas, large greened areas or parks play a key role in reducing temperatures.

海岸地形的都会区，都市热岛现象受到海陆气候极大的影响，使得白天热岛中心偏向内陆，晚上热岛中心则偏向海边。虽然台中与台北同属盆地地形，但台北都会区因具有大范围、高度发展与复杂的商业、人为活动，而使得其都市热岛中心分布不像台中集中与明显。

Its early incarnation, in the late 1970s and 1980s, was often "country-style" or "farmhouse", all oak, orange Le Creuset casserole dishes, and often centred on the AGA cooker, as urban women, shuttling between the office and the home, tried to recover something of the pre-industrial age of hearth, flagstone and pantry.

它的早期典型——二十世纪七八十年代后期——通常是&乡村式&或者&农家&，全都是橡棕色、橙色的法国&Le Creuset&牌沙锅，而且通常集中在&将军牌&炊具上，因为穿梭于办公室和家庭之间的都市女性试图复原些前工业时代的什么东西，那个时代满是灶台、石板和餐具室。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。